Cosmonautics Day. Conversation in kindergarten. Senior group

Cosmonautics Day in kindergarten.
Author: Bondarenko Ekaterina Nikolaevna, teacher. Place of work: MBU kindergarten No. 49 “Merry notes”, Tolyatti

The theme of space is always interesting for children. Therefore, on April 12, Cosmonautics Day, educators hold holidays, competitions, and educational classes on the topic: Cosmonautics. We invite you to conduct an educational lesson for preschoolers in the form of a thematic conversation.

Thematic conversation for Cosmonautics Day “Man rose to the sky”
Objectives: 1. Generalize and expand children’s knowledge about the Universe. 2. Give an idea about the first cosmonaut, about the significance of Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin’s first flight into space, about the inventor of the space rocket, about the Cosmonautics Day holiday. 3. Form cognitive interests; the concept of oneself as an inhabitant of planet Earth. 4. Activate the vocabulary: sky, stars, planets, satellites, astronaut, Sun, Earth, Moon. 5. Enrich the vocabulary: Galaxy, Universe, Solar system, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Pluto, weightlessness, orbit, meteorite, spacesuit, lunar rover, orbital station. 6. Develop experimental activities and experimentation. 7. Foster respect and a sense of pride for the achievements of your people, based on specific historical facts. Equipment: paintings depicting the starry sky, outer space, portraits of K. E. Tsiolkovsky, S. P. Korolev and Yu. A. Gagarin, photographs of rocket launches from the Baikonur cosmodrome, photo albums about space explorers. Preliminary work: conversations about stars, planets, space and astronauts. Progress: Educator: - Many centuries passed before humanity found a way to overcome gravity and rise into outer space. Guys, remember the fairy tales and legends. What fairy-tale heroes didn't fly on! (On bats and eagles, on flying carpets and wizards’ beards, on the Little Humpbacked Horse and magic arrows...). Just a few centuries ago, no one could have imagined that the most convenient “transport” for moving around was a rocket. Mini-powder rockets have long been used to create fireworks or send signals in military affairs. In Russia, in the middle of the last century, artillery general K.I. Konstantinov gave the rocket its combat function. Its missiles could cover a distance of up to three kilometers.

The first who saw in a rocket a projectile capable of carrying earthlings into interplanetary space was the great Russian scientist K. E. Tsiolkovsky. He said this about this: “The earth is our cradle, but you cannot live forever in a cradle.” The rocket does not need air, which means it can fly in the void, in space, and reach enormous speed there. It took a lot of work to create the first rocket. It was built by Russian scientists, workers, and engineers. It was in our country that the first artificial Earth satellite was launched. Guys, do you know who the first astronaut was? What do you know about this person? When was the first space flight made? (The adult listens to the children’s answers and asks clarifying questions).

Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin first flew into space on the Vostok-1 spacecraft. His call sign “Cedar” was recognized by all the inhabitants of our planet. Although Gagarin spent only 108 minutes in space, making only one revolution around the Earth, this was only the beginning - the beginning of human exploration of outer space. Half a century has passed since then, but during this time cosmonauts from many countries, both men and women, have been in space. The first human flight into space opened the era of international space stations, the desire to explore the planets closest to Earth - Mars and Venus. Listen to how the poet Alexander Tvardovsky speaks about the day of the first flight into space in his poems. Ah, this day - the twelfth of April, How it swept through people's hearts. It seemed that the world had involuntarily become kinder, shocked by its victory. What kind of universal music he thundered, That holiday, in the motley flame of banners When the unknown son of the land of Smolensk. Was adopted by the Earth-planet. An inhabitant of the Earth, this heroic fellow, In his space vessel In a circular, forever unprecedented manner, In the depths of the sky, he waved above it... Dynamic pause “Cosmonauts” (Demonstration of physical exercises, involving children in their actions). To become an astronaut, children. From a very young age, you need to accustom yourself to order: Make your bed, do physical exercises. Let's stand straight, shoulders wider, Hands up, stay straight. From such exercises you will become stronger and stronger. Today, space flights have become completely commonplace for us, the inhabitants of the Earth. It is believed that the exploration of other planets is not far off. But the beginning of this was laid by our Russian cosmonaut. American astronaut Neil Armstrong, the first earthling to walk on the Moon, said this about Yuri Gagarin’s flight: “He called us all into space.” Show and tell about the planets.

We recommend watching:

Poems and ditties for Cosmonautics Day for kindergarten Scenario of thematic leisure time for Cosmonautics Day in kindergarten Summary of educational activities in the middle group on the topic “Oh, if only I were an astronaut” Design of a preschool educational institution for Cosmonautics Day

Top 10 interesting facts about space

Ten interesting facts about space and the Universe that you might not know:

Only 5% of the Universe has been explored by man, and the reason is not even that there are not enough resources for more. The Universe is, in principle, visible at 5%, and the remaining 95% is dark matter and dark energy, which cannot be studied even with the help of the most modern technologies.
Not everyone benefits from growth. If a star begins to grow rapidly, the death of the celestial body is not far off.
Even the smells are different in space. The scent of the roses that bloomed on the Discovery shuttle, although still pleasant, was very different from the scent of earthly roses. This fact is easy to explain: such a difference in the smells of plants arises due to the difference in temperature and humidity on Earth and inside the spacecraft.
The Sun is 300 thousand times larger than our planet. There is approximately the same difference in size between a watermelon and a plum.
Real giant stars live in space, the mass of which is 8 or more times the mass of the Sun. Such stars are called neutron stars: their density is so high that just a handful of neutron star matter can easily outweigh the highest mountains on Earth.
Celestial bodies differ from each other, but they look according to the conditions prevailing on a particular celestial body: hurricanes are raging somewhere, in other places there is no wind at all, some astronomical objects are very hot, others are eternally cold. The relief and texture of the surface of a celestial body depend on weather conditions. And only Miranda, the satellite of Uranus, looks like Frankenstein’s child - the satellite seems to have been assembled, like a construction set, from parts of different planets. Miranda looks so weird because of the asteroid collision.
Due to the lack of gravity in space, it is impossible to boil water. The water that they try to boil while going into space will turn into a huge bubble, moving like a wave.
Two planets of the solar system differ from the rest in complete loneliness: Venus and Mercury do not have a single satellite.
There are more stars in space than grains of sand on Earth.
The brightest star in space is Sirius, which is about 22 times brighter than the Sun. It will not be possible to measure the brightness of Sirius in the usual cd/m² (lux) for earthlings - astronomers only measure the brightness and luminosity of a star. Brightness is measured in stellar magnitudes: Sirius's brightness is -1.44m (magnitudes). The luminosity of stars depends on their distance from our planet.

Facts about space for kids

School hours do not include space studies until astronomy classes begin in high school. Tell your child interesting facts about space that he is unlikely to learn about in class:

Stars gather in groups to form huge galaxies. Humans live in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
Thanks to solar radiation, life on Earth is possible. The Sun is the only star in the Solar System, which includes the planet on which we live.
There are a total of 8 planets in the solar system. Until 2006, it was believed that there were 9 planets in the solar system, but then scientists found out that Pluto is too small to be considered a planet.
All 8 planets revolve around the Sun counterclockwise. Due to the great gravitational force of the Sun, the planets cannot leave the axis around which they rotate and end up in outer space.
The planets rotate not only around the Sun, but also around their own axis. Six of the eight planets rotate counterclockwise, while Venus and Uranus rotate clockwise.
The four planets of the solar system have a solid surface on which you can walk. These planets are Earth, Venus, Mars and Mercury. The rest of the planets consist of gas and it is impossible to set foot on their surface.
The Moon is a satellite of the Earth that is constantly close to our planet. People think that at night they see the light of the Moon, but in reality the satellite does not shine. At night we see the same light from the Sun as during the day, only reflected by the Moon.

Facts about space exploration

Exploring space is much more difficult than exploring your home planet - you can’t just go and study the structure of a meteorite, comet or other astronomical object while walking. For experiments in the space field, people use complex manned and automatic vehicles, and astronauts are trained for such overloads that an ordinary person simply cannot withstand.

But the efforts are justified: thanks to research, space is becoming more and more understandable to humans. And practical research is facts that cannot be doubted, and here are just a few of them:

The first person to travel into outer space was Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov. He proved that a person can float freely in space and even conduct experiments and observations.
Everyone has heard about space weightlessness and seen footage of astronauts easily flying inside the space station. But weightlessness is not only an interesting phenomenon. In conditions of weightlessness, muscles and bones become weaker due to the fact that they are almost not loaded. To stay healthy, astronauts take vitamins and exercise, for example, using a specially equipped treadmill. Another interesting fact is that in zero gravity, the distance between the vertebrae becomes larger, and a person’s height increases. Thus, the record for growing an adult in space was 10 cm.
The Kepler and TESS orbital telescopes were launched into space to discover and study exoplanets on which life is possible. Since 2009, telescopes have found thousands of suspected exoplanets, and research has shown that about two hundred of these planets are actually capable of life.
The first successful landing on another planet took place in 1970: a device was lowered to the surface of Venus, collecting important scientific data about the planet.
Back in 1977, the United States launched two spacecraft with messages for representatives of other galaxies: with recordings of earthly music, human speech, and a description of the structure of the earthling’s body. The ships left the solar system in 2007 and are still continuing their journey, using built-in instruments to explore the planets they encountered.

"Space Myths"

Myths about space that many continue to believe:

Perhaps the most common myth about the constant risk of a ship being damaged by space debris has become popular due to spectacular pictures in Hollywood films. In fact, it is impossible to collide with space debris: the instruments will notify in advance of the approaching object and adjust the course.
Thanks to the same films, there is an opinion that a person in outer space without a spacesuit will die instantly and painfully: he will be torn into pieces or he will receive terrible bodily injuries. But a person in outer space dies only a minute later due to lack of oxygen - without explosions and blood.
We are accustomed to thinking that astronauts eat exclusively from tubes and a very limited range of dishes. And this has not been the case for a long time. People in space eat a variety of first and second courses: soups are fed through straws, and second courses are eaten with spoons - just like on Earth, except that the food can fly away if you don't keep track of it.
For a long time, Venus seemed very similar to Earth, and even scientists believed that Venus could be habitable. This impression was created due to the very dense atmosphere of the planet. But when we managed to get closer to Venus, it became clear that the planet is extremely unfriendly to uninvited guests and to all living things in principle: the planet is home to a huge number of volcanoes, its constant surface temperature is 462 °C, and the clouds enveloping Venus consist of sulfuric acid.
A myth that many people believe to be true: The Great Wall of China can be seen from space. In fact, it is not visible.

Black holes in space: interesting facts

Space is full of mysteries that humanity has yet to discover. Black holes are one such mystery: although they were discovered in 1916, not much has been known about black holes since then.

But several accurate facts about these amazing objects are still known:

The black hole that people managed to photograph, according to experts, is 3 million times larger than the Earth.
No object, no matter what its size, can escape from a black hole. Even light will be absorbed by a black hole forever thanks to super-powerful gravity.
Astronomical observations have proven that black holes are not only passively waiting for a star, planet or other object to fall into them. Stars that find themselves close to black holes explode. Scientists have not yet figured out why this happens.
Black holes are divided into three types: stellar, intermediate and supermassive. The mass of stellar black holes can be 5 solar masses. And the mass of supermassive black holes reaches several billion solar masses.
Space is an incomplete vacuum, where the propagation of sounds is almost impossible. For example, if a person tried to scream in space, he would not be heard. In 2003, astronomers presented amazing news: black holes produce sounds. Scientists have discovered why black holes are not “silent”, unlike most celestial bodies: only they are capable of propagating sound waves so low that they are audible in a partial vacuum.

Based on the theory of relativity, scientists admit the existence of “white holes,” but this fact has not yet been proven by anyone.