MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF
“Development of fine motor skills in preschool children through didactic games”“The origins of children’s abilities and gifts are at their fingertips...” V.A. Sukhomlinsky
The problem of developing fine motor skills in preschool children is reflected in the “Federal State Standard of Preschool Education” . Fine motor skills are the ability to perform precise, coordinated movements with the fingers and hands. Fine motor skills are not only necessary in everyday life, they have a great impact on the child’s learning process. That is why, when diagnosing readiness for school, much attention is paid to how well the fine motor skills of preschoolers are developed. Fine motor skills are important when learning to write and draw: a person’s handwriting will, in particular, depend on the degree of development of these skills. In addition, the development of fine motor skills is closely related to the development of speech, since the areas of the cerebral cortex responsible for these functions are located very close to each other.
It is in preschool age that special attention should be paid to the development of fine motor skills: by the time the child goes to school, his motor skills must be developed at a sufficient level, otherwise learning at school will be difficult.
Working with preschool children, I encounter children’s problems such as poor development of the hands, impaired motor skills of the hands; in such children, slowness in performing movements predominates, and stiffness is observed. The child encounters problems when completing tasks, begins to be capricious, and his mood deteriorates.
Understanding the importance of this problem, I set myself goals and objectives.
Goal of the work:
- Development of fine motor skills in preschool children through didactic games.
Tasks:
- Improve the subject-development environment of the group for the development of fine motor skills.
- Develop fine motor skills of fingers in preschool children through educational games and toys.
- To develop the tactile sensitivity of children’s hands through didactic games and finger gymnastics.
Expected result:
- The subject-development environment has been improved;
- Positive dynamics in the development of children’s fine motor skills;
- Increases children's confidence in completing tasks and improves their mood.
Novelty:
It consists in revealing the theoretical, practical justifications for the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of fine motor skills of preschool children through methods and techniques, and also reveals the features of work in this direction and the effective way of its implementation.
At the beginning of her work, she conducted a diagnostic examination of the state of fine motor skills in children with the goal of identifying the level of development of fine motor skills of the hands. Diagnosis was carried out according to the following criteria:
Exercise "Lanterns" ; clenching and unclenching fists; rubbing fists; crumpling paper in a fist. The criteria are divided into three levels: high, medium, low. High level: accurate motion reproduction. Intermediate level: the basic elements of the movement are completed, but there are inaccuracies in execution. Low level: absence of basic elements in the movement structure. The diagnostics of the development of fine motor skills showed that 70% of newly arrived children have a low level of development of fine motor skills, and 30% have an average level of development.
The work was carried out in stages. At stage I, work was carried out with children, at stage II, work was carried out on joint activities of children with each other, individual work. At the third stage, work was carried out with parents: folders were made and displayed for parents: “Didactic games for the development of fine motor skills” , “Articulation exercises” , “Finger gymnastics” . Meetings were held, as well as individual conversations with parents of children with insufficiently developed hand motor skills “Developing fine motor skills at home” , simple games were offered, such as playing with sand “Find what’s hidden” , “Games in the kitchen” , working with mosaics , massage of the hands using various objects (cones, Sujoku balls, pencil).
To accomplish the assigned tasks, various methods and techniques were used:
Verbal method - verbal appeals from the teacher to children, explanations when examining visual objects. Since at the stage of formation of speech development it is difficult to simultaneously perceive the display of objects, actions with them and speech information, the explanation should be extremely brief: every extra word distracts the baby from visual perception.
A visual and effective method of teaching - at a young age, as is known, children become familiar with the objects around them through visual and sensory accumulation of experience: they look, pick them up, feel them, and in one way or another act with them. Taking into account this age feature, I try to widely use visual techniques: I show the object, give the opportunity to touch it, examine it.
Practical method - in order for knowledge to be acquired, it is necessary to apply it in practical activities. After a general demonstration and explanation, I propose to perform, under direct supervision, a fragment of the didactic game separately for each child, providing differentiated assistance as necessary, and giving individual instructions.
Game method - game methods and techniques occupy a large place in the education of preschool children. These include didactic games that raise their interest in the content of learning and provide a connection between cognitive activity and play activities characteristic of children. I often use game techniques; they help me a lot in getting children interested and learning the material better and faster.
To successfully solve the assigned problems, I selected and studied methodological literature on this topic: “New games with fingers for the development of fine motor skills” , Avanesova V.N. “Didactic games as a form of organizing education in kindergarten” , I.A. Ermakova “Developing fine motor skills in children”; A.E. Belaya “Finger games for the development of fine motor skills” ; as well as the monthly magazine "Preschool Education" . Based on this literature, I developed a long-term plan for the “Miracle Fingers” for the development of fine motor skills. I tried to create an environment surrounding the children in such a way that it determined the direction of their activities and at the same time solved the task of developing fine motor skills. The group has created the necessary subject-development environment, acquired games and aids for the development of fine motor skills, most of which were purchased and made independently and with the help of parents (during an announced competition in the group).
Conclusion:
By creating in the group the necessary developmental environment that promotes the development of fine motor skills, taking into account the age characteristics of children, receiving the support and assistance of parents helped to achieve the goal. Thus, as a result of the work done, I came to the conclusion that targeted, systematic and systematic work on the development of fine motor skills of children’s hands contributes to the formation of intellectual abilities, has a positive effect on the speech zones of the cerebral cortex, and most importantly, helps to preserve the physical and mental health of the child.
I would like to continue working next year on making and studying new games and game exercises on this topic.
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Progress of the game:
Using sample cards , you need to complete laying out tasks
patterns, loops, tying knots and tying ropes. First, thread patterns must be laid out directly on the sample, and when the execution is mastered, on a separate card .
"Color it right"
.
Goals: develop fine motor skills ; learn to hatch objects with an inclination to the right, left, straight, with lines parallel to each other.
Game material and visual aids: pencils, outline images of various objects.
Description: Children are invited to take part in a competition for the best hatcher. The teacher distributes contour images of objects, explaining the principle of shading (lines parallel to each other, slanted to the right (left, straight)
.
"Handshake"
Goal: development and training of coordination of finger movements.
Equipment: hand expander (rubber ring)
Progress of the game:
the child places his fingers near the first house. Then he starts with his fingers
move along the islands to another house without taking your fingers off the other
"bumps"
.
Rules:
1. you can move, for starters, using 2 fingers;
2. all fingers must be involved;
3. You cannot tear off the first finger without moving the other one.
Working with mosaics
Goal: development of fine motor skills , coordination of finger movements.
Equipment: mosaics of various types, samples of laid out figures.
Lay out several columns of plates of the same color. Lay out a mosaic design with a sample in front of your eyes. Make your own drawing based on past experience.
"Thread patterns"
Goal: To teach children to perform patterns using sample cards , to develop fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination.
Equipment: thick heavy threads or thin ropes; cards - samples .
Progress of the game:
The child takes an expander and squeezes it for each stressed syllable to the beat of the poem.
“I adore all my friends”
E. P. Pimenova. After each line there is a change
hands
"Paper Crafts"
.
Goals: develop fine motor skills , develop the ability to fold a sheet in different directions.
Game material and visual aids: paper.
Description: suggest the game “Paper Toy Store”
.
Then show examples of paper figures that children can make (cap, jackdaw, boat, dove)
.
Games with a pencil.
Equipment: pencils
The children are given faceted pencils. The child places the pencil between the palms and rotates it, moving it from the base of the palms to the tips of the fingers.
Hold the pencil with each bent finger. Hold the pencil with your fingers arranged like this: index and ring fingers on top, middle and little fingers on the bottom.
The game “Why not Cinderella?”
.
Goal: develop fine motor skills .
Game material and visual aids: cereals (rice, buckwheat)
.
Description: the teacher complains to the child that a little trouble happened to him, two types of cereals (rice and buckwheat) were mixed, and there is not enough time to sort through them. Therefore, his help is needed: put the cereal into different jars.
Game "The letter grows"
.
Goal: develop fine motor skills .
Game material and visual aids: sheet of paper, pencil.
Description: the child receives a sheet of paper with letters drawn at opposite ends - one very small, the other very large. Invite the child to depict the process of increasing or decreasing letters, that is, next to the small one, draw a larger letter, the next one even larger, etc. Draw the child’s attention to the fact that the letter should grow little by little, thus bringing the letter to the size indicated on the opposite end of the sheet .
Beads
Goal: develop precision of movements , consolidate knowledge of colors.
What you need: colored pasta, long string.
How we play: we string the pasta onto a string; you can suggest a certain alternation of pasta colors.
"Needles"
Goal: development of tactile sensitivity and complex coordination
movements of fingers and hands.
Equipment: round hair brush.
Game "Scissors"
Purpose of the game: coordination of movements, training of hand muscles, concentration, development of fine motor skills of the hands.
Materials needed: a tray with scissors (preferably plastic ones with blunt ends) and several sheets of thick colored paper. Some sheets have cut lines marked.
Progress of the game: The presenter asks a riddle: Two ends, two rings, and a carnation in the middle. After the child has guessed correctly, the presenter offers to cut the paper with scissors. If the child did it easily, he is given the task of cutting along the lines and performing complex movements to cut out the pattern.
It should be taken into account that, having acquired the skills to confidently hold scissors, the child will then be able to hold a pencil and draw precise lines on paper with the same confidence.
Game "Little Pharmacist"
Purpose of the game: development of fine motor skills; finger movements, coordination.
Materials needed: On a small tray are tweezers, a cup with beads and a platform with slots for beads. There are exactly as many beads in the cup as there are cells in the platform. Each cell should be colored to match the color of the beads. You can use more beads at the beginning.
Progress of the game: The presenter talks about pharmacists and how they prepare various medicines. Shows how to transfer beads using tweezers. Then he invites the child to fill the cells with beads. When the platform is full, the beads are transferred back using tweezers. The game can be complicated by changing the size of the beads and platform cells. However, it should be taken into account that the game is quite complex and requires the child to have extreme concentration and internal control when working. If a child's bead falls onto the tray, he can always correct the mistake. Since the game requires great precision in movements, it is necessary to note each successful action of the baby.
Game "Colored Drops"
Purpose of the game: development of fine motor skills, finger movements, concentration, coordination.
Materials needed: On a tray is a platform for freezing water in the refrigerator. At the top, the platform is divided into three overlaps of red, blue and yellow. Next to the tray are 3 bottles of colorful water. The water is colored with yellow, red and blue food colors (you can use sparkling water). Each bottle contains a pipette with a thick rubber cap. Little sponge.
Progress of the game: The presenter shows how to transfer water from different bubbles using a pipette to the corresponding cells of the platform. The child repeats, and gradually the cells are filled with water in accordance with their color. The water is then transferred back into the vials using pipettes.
The child not only develops his fingers by working with a pipette, but also trains in the differentiation and distribution of colors, in their comparison and discrimination.
Game "Find the surprise"
Purpose of the game: development of fine motor skills of the hands, coordination of movements; teaching patience.
Necessary materials: candy wrappers (10-15 pieces), small items (badges, buttons, pebbles, etc.).
Progress of the game: The presenter wraps the badge in 4-5 candy wrappers. The child must unwrap all the candy wrappers and fold them carefully.
Game "Embroiderers"
Purpose of the game: development of fine motor skills, refined finger movements, concentration, coordination.
Materials needed: On a tray are sheets of cardboard with lines drawn on them. There are simple drawings, and there are more complex ones. There are holes on the lines where the needle and thread will go (in more complex tasks, these holes are only marked with a dot). A ball of woolen thread, 1-2 thick needles.
Progress of the game: The presenter talks about embroiderers, if possible, shows various embroideries and invites the child to play, explaining how they embroider. Then the child takes the needle and inserts the thread into the eye of the needle. At first, an adult helps him with this. Later he does it on his own. The ends of the thread are connected and tied into a knot. Then the child makes stitches on cardboard with holes (for a lighter option, you can use a cord instead of a needle), threading the needle up and down. It should be noted that working with a needle, especially threading and tying a knot, is very difficult for a small child. At first, it’s better not just to show, but to patiently perform these operations together with him, hand in hand, and accurately capture the moment when you can let go of the child’s hand and invite him to act independently.
Game "Lace up your shoe"
Purpose of the game: mastering the skill of dressing, developing fine motor skills, coordination, spatial orientation.
Materials needed: a pair of sneakers and laces.
Progress of the game: The presenter shows how to lace a sneaker and asks the child to lace the second sneaker in the same way. During the game, you must first show the lacing option and lace up with your child. As the game becomes more complex, you can only show ready-made samples.
Game "Beads"
Purpose of the game: development of fine motor skills, coordination, discrimination by shape and color of objects, concentration.
Necessary materials: thread, buttons of different sizes and colors.
Progress of the game: The presenter invites the child to make beads. You can give the task to make beads according to the sample, choosing buttons according to shape and color.
Game "Colorful clothespins"
Purpose of the game: development of fine motor skills of the hands, training in color discrimination, development of attention.
Materials needed: 2 sets of baskets with clothespins. The clothespins are painted red, yellow, blue, green (3 of each color). The basket can be replaced with a cup or plate, or a plastic bucket. The main thing is that the clothespins easily cling to the edges.
Progress of the game: The leader and the child each have a basket with colored clothespins. The leader takes the basket, puts it on the table and asks the child to give him a clothespin and name its color. If the baby doesn’t know, then the leader names the color himself. Then the presenter shows how you can attach a clothespin to the edge of the basket with three fingers.
When the child masters this action and can easily attach clothespins, for example, all the clothespins are the same color and name their color, he is given the task of attaching the clothespins in a certain color sequence, performing a certain sequence of clothespins as on the leader’s basket. You should pay attention to the fact that the presenter attaches the clothespins with three fingers, because the child must see the correct movements.
Repeated repetition of the movement of unclenching and squeezing clothespins trains the fingertips, provides a tonic massage and pressure on the muscle points responsible for activating the speech centers of the brain.
By observing which hand the child prefers to work with, you can determine the dominant hand. However, it is advisable for the child to work with both hands.
Game "Let's put it in order"
Purpose of the game: development of fine motor skills, coordination, discrimination by shape and color of objects, concentration.
How to play: Pour beads of two colors into a bowl (about 5-7 beads of each color) and place two saucers to the right of the bowl. Suggest: “let’s put all the red beads in one saucer, and all the green ones in the other.” To spice up the game, say, for example, that this is a treat for the bear and the bunny, and the bear only likes cherries, and the bunny only likes gooseberries. You need to move the beads one at a time, taking them with three fingers (show). If some beads fall on the table, ask them to pick them up with a scoop. Be sure to finish the job - this skill is very important. Therefore, at first, take fewer beads.
Game “Sprinkle with a Spoon”
Place two cups on the tray: on the left is a cup with cereal, and on the right is empty. (Both cups should be dry.) First, moving the child's hand, show how to take a partial spoonful of cereal, wait until the cereal stops falling from the spoon, and, smoothly moving your hand, move the spoon to the right cup and tip it over it. Help your baby pick up cereal when there is little left (tell him to bend the cup with his left hand). It is useful to combine this exercise with stirring. For example, a child can pour sugar into tea and place it himself.
Game “Come on, catch it!”
Place two plates on the tray: on the left - deep, and on the right - shallow. Pour water into a deep plate and throw in a few small floating objects. Invite your child to catch them one by one with a spoon and place them in a small plate. At first, help him by guiding his hand slightly. Make sure your child holds the spoon correctly. It is important to complete the exercise, transfer all items to a shallow plate, and collect spilled water with a sponge.
Game “Catch it out of the water”
Pour water into a bowl and throw in a few small floating objects: pieces of cork, twigs, etc. Invite your child to use a small sieve with a handle to catch all these items and place them on a plate on the tray to the right of the bowl. The baby should hold the sieve in his right hand.
Game "Magic Sieve"
Say: “Rice and semolina are mixed in this cup (show grains of rice and semolina separately). How to select all the rice grains from here? This is difficult to do even with your small and dexterous fingers. But a sieve will help you!” Separating one grain from another is like a magic trick for a child. Explain why this happens by first pouring clean semolina into the sieve, and then rice. The sifted rice should be poured into the prepared plate.
Game “Putting the cakes with a spatula”
For this exercise, you can “bake” cakes from plasticine or use small objects (for example, large buttons), or, outside, make them from snow or wet sand. The “cakes” should not be in the shape of balls so that they do not roll off the spatula.
Game “There was a puddle and it’s not there”
This exercise has great educational value: if a child spills something, he will be able to clean up after himself. First, teach your baby to transfer water from one plate to another with a sponge. Place two plates on the tray: on the left with a small amount of water, on the right empty. Demonstrate how to use a sponge by scooping water into one bowl and squeezing it over another. Please note that water should not drip from the sponge onto the tray. Then pour some water on the tray and show them how to wipe up the puddle by scooping it up with a sponge.
Game "Whipping cream"
Pour some water into a bowl and add a few drops of shampoo. Show your baby how to beat by holding the whisk correctly and making clockwise movements. The left hand should hold the bowl at this time. Draw your child's attention to the result - the appearance of foam. When the child begins to beat on his own, help him at first by slightly guiding his hand. Having finished whipping, the child must clean up after himself, carefully wiping away any puddles.
Game "Don't spill and don't spill"
First, pour some cereal into the jug and show your child how, holding the jug with his right hand and holding it with his left, pour the cereal into a glass standing to the left of the jug. (The child should sweep all spilled grains into a dustpan with a brush). Don't forget to discreetly praise your child if he cleaned up neatly. You should move on to transfusion only when the child has mastered oversleeping well. Help him start and finish the transfusion - this is the hardest thing for him. Show how to clean up spilled water with a sponge.
Game “Collecting mushrooms in the forest”
Place pieces of foam rubber on the floor and tell your child: “Here’s a basket for you, try to collect all the mushrooms in the clearing!” Show how to take pieces of foam rubber: with three fingers of your right hand. The collected “mushrooms” must be placed one at a time in the basket. Make sure your child collects all the “mushrooms”: this develops attention and teaches accuracy.
Game "Beads"
Purpose of the game: development of fine motor skills, coordination, discrimination by shape and color of objects, concentration.
Progress of the game: The presenter invites the child to make beads. You can give the task to make beads according to the sample, choosing buttons according to shape and color.
Game "Open and Close"
Come up with a game: for example, the baby can be a doctor who has a lot of jars of medicine, or a housewife who keeps different cereals in jars. Place several small jars with closed lids in front of the child (the jars should be different in size and shape). Offer to open all these jars, and then close them again, choosing the right lids. If the lids screw on, make sure your child twists the lid and not the jar.
Game “Collect all the beads”
Throw pebbles into the sand. (If playing at home, sprinkle on a tray). First, invite your child to collect pebbles with the first three fingers of his right hand (reinforcing the skill). Then show how to use the sieve: hold it in your left hand, and use your right hand to scoop sand into the sieve. The remaining stones in the sieve must be carefully poured into a bucket.
Game “Sprinkle the paths”
Invite your child to sprinkle “sand” (semolina, millet) on a 3-5 cm wide path on the table. Limit it with something, for example, strips of paper. Play: the path can go from one match house to another. Sand should be sprinkled with the same three fingers (folded in a “pinch”) without going beyond the edges of the path. When playing in the yard, you can make a path between two
Game "Find a Pair"
Pick up several pairs of identical small objects, for example two buttons, two cotton balls, two spools, etc. Place them in two identical paper bags: one item from the pair in one bag, the other item from the pair in another bag. Ask your child, without looking, to put his hand into the first bag and pull out any object from there. Now (again without looking) let him try to find by touch the exact same object in the second bag.
