Modern educational technologies in preschool educational institutions in preschool education

Modern technologies in the education of preschool children according to the Federal State Educational Standard

Innovative technologies in education according to the Federal State Educational Standard, introduced into preschool education, are aimed at achieving state standards in this area.

The teacher conducts a lesson

Important! The position of an adult in relation to a child is especially important. He should not give orders from above or stand nearby. The adult’s position is “together” with the preschooler. The main goal of a specialist’s work is to help the child firmly stand on his feet as an individual.

On January 1, 2014, the Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) was approved, in which the child acts as a “subject” of education, being a valuable person in his own right.

Classification of educational and pedagogical technologies in preschool institutions according to the Federal State Educational Standard

Modern pedagogical technologies in preschool education in Russia are represented by various classifications, taking into account:

Level of application (local, sectoral, general pedagogical);
Concept of assimilation (developmental, associative-reflexive, gestalt technologies);
Form of organization (individual training/collective, club, alternative);
The leading type of management of cognitive activity (learning from a book/computer, classical lectures, training in small groups, tutoring);
Approach to the child (person-oriented, humane-personal, authoritarian, free education, esoteric, cooperation technologies);
Categories (mass, advanced education, compensatory type, work with the gifted, work with the difficult).

Important! Consideration of various methods and classifications allows us to observe a wide range of technologies that can be implemented both in preschool educational institutions and in centers of additional education.

Lesson with modern children

Modern innovative technologies in the preschool education system

Modern innovative technologies in the preschool education system.

A child is brought up by various accidents that surround him. Pedagogy must give direction to these contingencies. V. F. Odoevsky

Currently, teaching staff of preschool educational institutions are intensively introducing innovative technologies into their work. Therefore, the main task of preschool teachers is to choose methods and forms of organizing work with children, innovative pedagogical technologies that optimally correspond to the goal of personal development.

Today we will talk about innovative technologies and their effective use in preschool institutions. Modern pedagogical technologies in preschool education are aimed at implementing state standards for preschool education.

First, let's remember what the term “technology” itself means.

Technology is a set of techniques used in any business, skill, or art (explanatory dictionary).

Pedagogical technology

- this is a set of psychological and pedagogical attitudes that determine a special set and arrangement of forms, methods, methods, teaching techniques, educational means; it is an organizational and methodological toolkit of the pedagogical process (B.T. Likhachev).

Modern educational technologies include:

health-saving technologies;
technology of project activities
research technology
information and communication technologies;
person-oriented technologies;
preschooler and teacher portfolio technology
gaming technology
TRIZ technology, etc.

Health-saving technologies

Purpose

health-saving technologies is to provide the child with the opportunity to maintain health, to develop in him the necessary knowledge, skills and habits for a healthy lifestyle.

Health-saving pedagogical technologies include all aspects of the teacher’s influence on the child’s health at different levels - informational, psychological, bioenergetic.

In modern conditions, human development is impossible without building a system for the formation of his health. The choice of health-saving pedagogical technologies depends on:

depending on the type of preschool institution,
on the length of time the children stay there,
from the program in which teachers work,
specific conditions of the preschool educational institution,
professional competence of the teacher,
children's health indicators.

The following classification of health-saving technologies is distinguished (in relation to preschool educational institutions):

medical and preventive
(ensuring the preservation and enhancement of children's health under the guidance of medical personnel in accordance with medical requirements and standards, using medical supplies - technologies for organizing monitoring of the health of preschool children, monitoring children's nutrition, preventive measures, a health-preserving environment in preschool educational institutions);
physical education and health
(aimed at the physical development and strengthening of the child’s health - technologies for the development of physical qualities, hardening, breathing exercises, etc.);
ensuring the socio-psychological well-being of the child
(ensuring the child’s mental and social health and aimed at ensuring the child’s emotional comfort and positive psychological well-being in the process of communicating with peers and adults in kindergarten and family; technologies for psychological and pedagogical support of the child’s development in the pedagogical process of preschool educational institutions);
health preservation and health enrichment for teachers
(aimed at developing a culture of health for teachers, including a culture of professional health, developing the need for a healthy lifestyle; preserving and stimulating health (technology of using outdoor and sports games, gymnastics (for the eyes, breathing, etc.), rhythmoplasty, dynamic pauses , relaxation);
educational
(nurturing a culture of health in preschool children, person-centered education and training);
healthy lifestyle training
(technologies for using physical education classes, communicative games, a system of classes from the “Football Lessons” series, problem-based games (game training, game therapy), self-massage); correctional (art therapy, music technology, fairy tale therapy, psycho-gymnastics, etc.)
Health-saving pedagogical technologies include: pedagogical technology of active sensory-developmental environment,
which is understood as a systemic set and order of functioning of all personal instrumental and methodological means used to achieve pedagogical goals.

2. Technologies of project activities

Target:

Development and enrichment of social and personal experience through the inclusion of children in the sphere of interpersonal interaction.

Teachers who actively use project technology in the upbringing and teaching of preschoolers unanimously note that life activities organized according to it in kindergarten allow them to get to know the students better and penetrate into the child’s inner world.

Classification of educational projects:

"game"
- children's activities, participation in group activities (games, folk dances, dramatizations, various types of entertainment);
"excursion"
aimed at studying problems related to the surrounding nature and social life;
"narrative"
in the development of which children learn to convey their impressions and feelings in oral, written, vocal artistic (painting), musical (playing the piano) forms;
"constructive"
aimed at creating a specific useful product: making a birdhouse, arranging flower beds.

3. Research technology

The purpose of research activities in kindergarten

— to form in preschoolers basic key competencies and the ability for an investigative type of thinking.

It should be noted that the use of design technologies cannot exist without the use of TRIZ technology (technology for solving inventive problems). Therefore, when organizing work on a creative project, students are offered a problematic task that can be solved by researching something or conducting experiments.

Methods and techniques for organizing experimental research

activities:

- heuristic conversations;

— raising and solving problematic issues;

— observations;

— modeling (creating models about changes in inanimate nature);

- experiments;

— recording the results: observations, experiences, experiments, work activities;

— “immersion” in the colors, sounds, smells and images of nature;

- imitation of voices and sounds of nature;

- use of artistic words;

— didactic games, game-based educational and creative development

situations;

- work assignments, actions.

Contents of educational and research activities

Experiments (experimentation)

State and transformation of matter.
Movement of air and water.
Properties of soil and minerals.
Living conditions of plants.

Collecting (classification work)

Types of plants.
Types of animals.
Types of building structures.
Types of transport.
Types of professions.

Travel on the map

Sides of the world.
Terrain reliefs.
Natural landscapes and their inhabitants.
Parts of the world, their natural and cultural “marks” are symbols.

Journey along the “river of time”

The past and present of humanity (historical time) in the “marks” of material civilization (for example, Egypt - the pyramids).
History of housing and improvement.

Information and communication technologies

Purpose

ICT is to improve the quality of education through the active introduction of information technologies into the educational process in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Education.

Informatization of society poses tasks for preschool teachers :

to keep up with the times,
become a guide for a child to the world of new technologies,
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to form the basis of the information culture of his personality,
improve the professional level of teachers and the competence of parents.

Solving these problems is not possible without updating and revising all areas of the kindergarten’s work in the context of informatization.

Requirements for computer programs of preschool educational institutions:

Research character
Easy for children to practice independently
Developing a wide range of skills and understandings
Age appropriate
Entertaining.

Classification of programs:

Development of imagination, thinking, memory
Talking dictionaries of foreign languages
The simplest graphic editors
Travel games
Teaching reading, mathematics
Using multimedia presentations

Computer advantages:

presenting information on a computer screen in a playful way arouses great interest among children;
carries a figurative type of information that is understandable to preschoolers;
movements, sound, animation attract the child’s attention for a long time;
has a stimulus for children's cognitive activity;
provides the opportunity to individualize training;
in the process of working at the computer, the preschooler gains self-confidence;
allows you to simulate life situations that cannot be seen in everyday life.

Mistakes when using information and communication technologies:

Insufficient methodological preparedness of the teacher
Incorrect definition of the didactic role and place of ICT in the classroom
Unplanned, random use of ICT
Overload of demonstration classes.

ICT in the work of a modern teacher:

1. Selection of illustrative material for classes and for the design of stands, groups, offices (scanning, Internet, printer, presentation).

2. Selection of additional educational material for classes, familiarization with scenarios for holidays and other events.

3. Exchange of experience, acquaintance with periodicals, the developments of other teachers in Russia and abroad.

4. Preparation of group documentation and reports. The computer will allow you not to write reports and analyzes every time, but rather just type the diagram once and then only make the necessary changes.

5. Creating presentations in the Power Point program to improve the effectiveness of educational classes with children and the pedagogical competence of parents in the process of holding parent-teacher meetings.

Personally-oriented technology

Personality-oriented technologies place the child’s personality at the center of the entire preschool education system, ensuring comfortable conditions in the family and preschool institution, conflict-free and safe conditions for its development, and the realization of existing natural potentials.

Personality-oriented technology is implemented in a developmental environment that meets the requirements of the content of new educational programs.

There are attempts to create conditions for personality-oriented interactions with children in a developmental space that allows the child to show his own activity and realize himself most fully.

However, the current situation in preschool institutions does not always allow us to say that teachers have fully begun to implement the ideas of personality-oriented technologies, namely, providing children with the opportunity for self-realization in play; the lifestyle is overloaded with various activities, and there is little time left for play.

Within the framework of person-oriented technologies, independent areas are distinguished:

humane-personal technologies
, distinguished by their humanistic essence and psychological and therapeutic focus on providing assistance to a child with poor health during the period of adaptation to the conditions of a preschool institution.

This technology can be well implemented in new preschool institutions (for example: kindergarten No. 2), where there are rooms for psychological relief - upholstered furniture, a lot of plants that decorate the room, toys that promote individual games, equipment for individual lessons. Music and physical education rooms, aftercare rooms (after illness), a room for the environmental development of preschoolers and productive activities, where children can choose an activity of interest. All this contributes to comprehensive respect and love for the child, faith in creative forces, there is no coercion here. As a rule, in such preschool institutions, children are calm, compliant, and do not have conflicts.

Collaboration technology
implements the principle of democratization of preschool education, equality in the relationship between teacher and child, partnership in the system of relationships “Adult - child”. The teacher and children create conditions for a developing environment, make manuals, toys, and gifts for the holidays. Together they determine a variety of creative activities (games, work, concerts, holidays, entertainment).

Pedagogical technologies based on humanization and democratization of pedagogical relations with procedural orientation, priority of personal relationships, individual approach, democratic management and a strong humanistic orientation of the content.

6.Portfolio technology for preschoolers

A portfolio is a collection of a child’s personal achievements in various activities, his successes, positive emotions, an opportunity to once again relive the pleasant moments of his life, this is a unique route for the child’s development.

There are a number of portfolio functions:

diagnostic (records changes and growth over a certain period of time),
meaningful (reveals the entire range of work performed),
rating (shows the range of skills of the child), etc.

The process of creating a portfolio is a kind of pedagogical technology. There are a lot of portfolio options.

7. Technology "Teacher's Portfolio"

Modern education needs a new type of teacher:

creative thinkers
proficient in modern educational technologies,
methods of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics,
ways of independently constructing the pedagogical process in the conditions of specific practical activities,
the ability to predict your final result.

Every teacher should have a record of success, which reflects everything joyful, interesting and worthy that happens in the life of a teacher. A teacher’s portfolio can become such a dossier.

A portfolio allows you to take into account the results achieved by a teacher in various types of activities (educational, educational, creative, social, communicative), and is an alternative form of assessing the professionalism and performance of a teacher.

To create a comprehensive portfolio, it is advisable to introduce the following sections:

Section 1 “General information about the teacher”

Section 2 “Results of teaching activities.”

Section 3 “Scientific and methodological activities”

Section 4 “Subject development environment”

Section 5 “Working with parents”

Thus, the portfolio will allow the teacher himself to analyze and present significant professional results and achievements, and will ensure monitoring of his professional growth.

8. Gaming technology

It is built as a holistic education, covering a certain part of the educational process and united by common content, plot, and character. It includes sequentially:

games and exercises that develop the ability to identify the main, characteristic features of objects, compare and contrast them;

groups of games to generalize objects according to certain characteristics;
groups of games, during which preschoolers develop the ability to distinguish real from unreal phenomena;
groups of games that develop the ability to control oneself, speed of reaction to a word, phonemic awareness, ingenuity, etc.

Compiling gaming technologies from individual games and elements is the concern of every educator.

Learning in the form of a game can and should be interesting, entertaining, but not entertaining.

In activities with the help of gaming technologies, children develop mental processes.

Some modern educational programs propose using folk games as a means of pedagogical correction of children's behavior.

9. TRIZ technology

TRIZ (the theory of solving inventive problems), which was created by the scientist-inventor T.S. Altshuller.

Purpose

the use of this technology in kindergarten is the development, on the one hand, of such qualities of thinking as flexibility, mobility, systematicity, dialecticity; on the other hand, search activity, the desire for novelty; speech and creative imagination.

And the main task

using TRIZ technology in preschool age is to instill in a child the joy of creative discovery

TRIZ for preschoolers: is a system of collective games and activities designed not to change the main program, but to maximize its effectiveness. - this is “a controlled process of creating something new, combining precise calculation, logic, and intuition,” as the founder of the theory, G.S. Altshuller, believed. When using TRIZ elements, children's creative and mental activity is noticeably activated, since TRIZ teaches them to think broadly, understand the processes taking place, and find their own solution to the problem. Invention is expressed in creative imagination, coming up with something that will then be expressed in various types of children's activities - gaming, speech, artistic creativity, etc. The use of TRIZ in teaching preschoolers makes it possible to raise real inventors from children, who in adulthood become inventors, generators of new ideas. TRIZ technology also develops such moral qualities as the ability to rejoice in the successes of others, the desire to help, and the desire to find a way out of a difficult situation.

Conclusion:

The technological approach, that is, new pedagogical technologies guarantee the achievements of preschoolers and subsequently guarantee their successful learning at school.

And I would like to end my speech with the words of Charles Dickens

A person cannot truly improve unless he helps others improve.

Innovative technologies in preschool education

Modern innovative technologies according to the Federal State Educational Standard in preschool education have been considered by many authors: N. D. Malakhova, A. M. Moiseeva, V. S. Lazarev. Pedagogical innovation is defined as the introduction of innovations into the state educational environment that improve the system as a whole. In the process of introducing innovations, there is a creative rethinking of programs and methods - this is the main feature of the technology.

How does innovation occur in early childhood education?

In a series of scientific research.
Due to the need for innovation in preschools and primary schools.
They arise as a result of the variable creativity of teachers.
They arise due to the great desire of parents to reveal the potential of the baby and observe the positive dynamics of development.

Important! Innovative teaching methods carried out in preschool educational institutions according to the Federal State Educational Standard are not completely new and universal technologies for teachers. These are just effective ways to use traditional parenting methods, improved and supplemented by modern research.

Pedagogical technologies of preschool education of our time

Technology is a set of techniques that are used in a particular art or business.

The use of modern educational and pedagogical technologies in kindergarten must meet such technology criteria as:

Conceptuality (a certain scientific concept is taken, which includes the rationale for achieving educational goals);
Systematicity (logic, list of interrelations of all parts of the system, integrity);
Manageability (goal setting, design of a learning model, correction of results, step-by-step diagnostics, drawing up plans and reports);
Efficiency (considers the optimality of costs and the guarantee of achieving set goals);
Reproducibility (implies the specifics of pedagogical technology and its possible reproduction in a new place).

Form of health-saving technologies in physical education

The list of modern educational technologies includes:

Innovative technologies in the field of health and physical education - all technologies related to the impact on the health of a preschooler at any level (psychological, energetic or informational). The goal is to preserve the baby’s health and develop all the necessary skills and abilities to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Interactive. Due to the fact that children are “thrown” into the sphere for interpersonal interaction, their social and personal experience is enriched. This could be conversations, observations, or conducting small experiments.
Information and communication. In this technology, education should include new elements - an interactive board (on which the teacher can show presentations, thematic films and cartoons), a computer or tablet.
Personality-oriented. In this case, the personality of the preschooler is placed at the center of systemic education, regardless of his age. It is necessary to provide the baby with comfortable conditions for safe and conflict-free development and the full realization of his natural potential.
Gaming technologies are built as a comprehensive education, capturing a small part of the educational process and united by a common plot. An example would be games aimed at developing the ability to identify features of objects and compare them with each other.

Age groups in kindergarten by year according to Federal State Educational Standards

Interactive education technologies

Interactive education, translated from English into Russian, means the organization of cognitive activity in the mode of active interaction - dialogue or conversation.

Important! The teacher of a preschool institution, secondary education or university ceases to be a “center” for students. He regulates the communication process, organizes it, formulates brief topics or questions for discussion, advises and monitors the order of exercises.

The following can be used as interactive technologies in preschool institutions:

Exercise “Microphone”, where children, together with the teacher, pass a toy microphone to each other in a circle and speak on a topic given by the adults. This may be the first task in teaching culture - to talk about yourself, about your mood at the moment.
Impromptu debates. Children also stand in a circle and speak out on a given topic. However, the words of each preschooler can be discussed. For example, Misha said that he was in a bad mood while listening to music. Children take turns raising their hands and saying how Misha can improve his mood.
Synthesis of thoughts. During this exercise, children unite in small groups to complete a joint task. For example, they help a math bunny count all the apples on a sheet and color them.

In kindergartens that have passed state certification, 3 main forms of interactive learning have long been adopted: in pairs (2 children), microgroups (up to 4 children) and small groups (up to 6 preschoolers).

Important! In such technologies, you should not say “correct” when answering a child. It is better to use words such as “good”, “original”, “interesting”. This will encourage the baby to talk further.

A preschooler sitting on a chair is not learning. He listens, but does not hear. Therefore, it is so important to always “draw” him into learning, to make sure that the baby himself becomes part of this process.

One of the forms of interactive classes

Innovative technologies for physical education of preschool children

How are innovative technologies used in children's development? Due to the combination of progressive technologies and stereotypical basic elements of education, innovations have a good effect on the personal development of a preschooler, involving him in the sociocultural environment.

The reports and abstracts highlight the main innovation in the system of physical education for preschool children - the separation of the areas “Health” and “Physical Education”.

Thus, “Health” helps to preserve and strengthen the psyche of children, develop hygiene skills and form general ideas about a healthy lifestyle.

Painting class in the “Golden Khokhloma” style in senior groups of preschool educational institutions

“Physical education” deals with the development of the physical qualities of a preschooler, mastering basic sports movements and the formation of a further need for activity.

Technologies in the field of “Health” are divided into the following:

health-saving (preserving health in all possible ways);
health-promoting (stimulating and promoting health - physical events and holidays, physical education sessions, etc.);
therapeutic and recreational (health compensation occurs - massages, visits to salt rooms, infrared saunas);
health-forming (ways to increase health - physical education and recreational activities).

Fitness technologies in preschool educational institutions according to the Federal State Educational Standard

Previously, fitness technologies were used only in foreign education methods. Recently, fitness has been considered in the complex of the field of “Physical Culture”.

Important! This is an innovative system that affects the health and improvement of the physical fitness of a preschooler.

Fitness methods and training technologies include:

step aerobics;
rhythmoplasty;
dance and play gymnastics;
stretching elements;
fitball exercises.

Thanks to the development of fitness in Russia, many interesting trends have emerged that are also applicable in preschool education. However, most classes carried out using fitness technology can only be carried out if the child has a doctor’s certificate. Otherwise, such activities are contraindicated.

Physical education classes on fitball

Gaming technologies for additional education

In additional education, games “for the sake of learning” are widely used. In the process of activity, the child develops interests in knowledge, accumulates thematic knowledge and abilities. The pedagogical game has a clearly defined goal and contributes to the achievement of a certain result. For the most part, learning in the game is unobtrusive and voluntary. For a child, play is a much more desirable reality than existing reality.

Gaming technologies, depending on the methodology, are divided into:

role-playing;
plot;
imitation;
psychodramatic;
business;
organizational and activity.

It is better to explain the game in an introduction related to the topic of the lesson. You can fully explain the essence of the game as the action progresses. The teacher’s task is to organize gaming activities for all children (both actively participating and fans).

Important! The game process should be accompanied by a dialogue between the teacher and children. Moreover, even if the kids answered incorrectly (in a word game), the teacher needs to repeat their answer. This way preschoolers can better follow the progress of the action.

Innovative technologies in preschool educational institutionsmethodological development

Innovative technologies in preschool educational institutions

A modern teacher is one who is constantly developing, self-educating, looking for new ways to develop and educate children. All this becomes possible thanks to his active position and creative component.

In modern conditions, a teacher is, first of all, a researcher with a high level of pedagogical skill, scientific psychological and pedagogical thinking, developed pedagogical intuition, critical analysis, reasonable use of advanced pedagogical experience, as well as the need for professional self-education.

It follows that only a teacher who constantly improves the level of his professional skills and is capable of introducing innovations can carry out the educational process efficiently.

The introduction of innovations into the work of a preschool institution is an important condition for reforming and improving the preschool education system. The development of a kindergarten cannot be carried out otherwise than through the development of innovations and innovations, while the content of education should be focused on the individuality of each child, his personal growth, and the development of abilities (K.Yu. Belaya, A.G. Asmolov, etc.). And only a talented teacher who follows the path of self-improvement and self-development can raise a creative, self-sufficient personality.

Any innovation is nothing more than the creation and subsequent implementation of a fundamentally new component, as a result of which qualitative changes in the environment occur. Technology, in turn, is a set of various techniques that are used in a particular business, craft or art. Thus, innovative technologies in preschool educational institutions are aimed at creating modern components and techniques, the main purpose of which is to modernize the educational process.

The main types of innovative technologies used in preschool educational institutions.

Modern educational technologies include:

health-saving technologies;
technology of project activities;
research technologies;
developing technologies;
correction technologies;
information and communication technologies;
person-oriented technologies;
gaming technologies.

1. Health-saving technologies are aimed at strengthening the child’s health and instilling in him a healthy lifestyle. This is especially relevant in light of environmental deterioration, general health, and poor nutrition.

Their main goal is to create conditions for students to develop an idea of a healthy lifestyle, the ability to provide first aid to themselves and others, as well as the formation and development of knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to maintain their own health. The forms of work are sports holidays, physical education minutes between classes, morning exercises, eye exercises, breathing exercises, finger and dynamic exercises, relaxation, walks not only on the territory of the kindergarten, but also in forested areas, sports games, hardening, water procedures.

Health-saving technologies can be implemented in different ways. Depending on the goals:

they can be aimed at maintaining health and implemented by medical personnel: nutrition control, health monitoring, providing a health-preserving environment;
they can be aimed at the physical development of the child through various types of gymnastics (breathing, finger, orthopedic), hardening, dynamic pauses, stretching, alternative methods - for example, hatha yoga;
they can introduce a culture of health;
they can teach a healthy lifestyle through communicative games, game sessions, logarithmics, physical education classes;
they can be corrective and implemented in sessions of various types of therapies (art, fairy tale, color).

2. Technologies of project activities

Project activities in kindergarten are carried out by the child together with the teacher. The goal is to work on a problem, as a result of which the child receives answers to questions. The knowledge that a child gains while working on a project becomes his personal property and is firmly anchored in the existing system of knowledge about the world around him.

Projects vary:

by number of participants: individual, pair, group, frontal;
by duration: short-term, medium-term, long-term;
by priority method: creative, gaming, research, informational;
by topic: include the child’s family, nature, society, cultural values and more.

Educational projects can be classified as follows:

“Game” - activities that are conducted in a group in the form of games, dances, and exciting entertainment.
“Excursion” are projects whose goal is a comprehensive and multifaceted study of the surrounding world and society.
“Narrative”, through which children learn to explain their feelings and emotions using speech, vocals, writing, etc.
“Constructive”, aimed at teaching a child to create useful objects with his own labor: build a birdhouse, plant a flower, etc.

Innovative educational technologies in preschool educational institutions contribute to the physical and psychological development of the child, help him gain faith in himself and his own strengths, become independent and responsible. Boys and girls explore the world playfully, and try to apply the acquired knowledge in practice.

3. Research technologies

The introduction of innovative technologies in preschool educational institutions involves, among other things, the use of so-called research activities by teachers. What does this mean? First of all, we are talking about the fact that the efforts of educators are aimed primarily at developing a research type of thinking in children.

The main goal of research activities is to create experimental activities in which the child is an active participant. The child's direct participation in the experiment allows him to see the process and results with his own eyes.

To do this, in the process of teaching preschoolers, teachers resort to such common methods as: posing a problem, its comprehensive analysis, modeling, observation, experimentation, recording results, searching for solutions and choosing the best one.

Research activities help a child identify a current problem and solve it through a series of actions. At the same time, the child, like a scientist, conducts research and experiments.

Methods and techniques for organizing research activities:

observations;
conversations;
experiments;
didactic games;
modeling situations;
work assignments, actions.

Innovative pedagogical technologies in preschool educational institutions help “mentors” find an approach to each individual child, take into account his characteristics, character traits and mentality, and turn classes into an exciting and extraordinary “adventure”. Thanks to this, parents no longer have to persuade their beloved children to go to kindergarten. Kids enjoy visiting preschool educational institutions and every day they enrich their still small store of knowledge.

4. Developmental technologies

In traditional education, the child is presented with a ready-made product, an action pattern, for study. During developmental education, a child must independently come to an opinion or a solution to a problem as a result of analyzing his actions.

5. Corrective technologies

Their goal is to relieve the psycho-emotional stress of preschoolers. Types: fairy tale therapy, color therapy, music therapy.

6. Information and communication technologies

It makes no sense to deny the fact that the modern world is significantly different from the youth of our grandparents, and even parents. Today it is very difficult to imagine that in the very recent past there was no talk of using any innovative technologies in preschool educational institutions. Information and communication technologies have received their natural development in our “advanced” age. Nowadays, such advanced technologies as a computer, tablet or interactive whiteboard will not surprise any preschool child. A situation where a child would not know what a computer is is almost impossible. The information era dictates its own rules of the game, which cannot be ignored. Children are drawn to acquiring computer skills. The use of ICT in classes and in the educational process has a number of advantages over traditional forms of organizing classes. For example, thanks to exciting programs designed to teach a child reading, mathematics, and maximally develop his memory and logical thinking, a preschooler can be interested and instill in him a love of knowledge. The computer is attractive to children; the use of animation, slide presentations, and films makes it possible to arouse active cognitive interest in children in the phenomena being studied. Animated computer pictures flashing on the screen attract the child, force the baby to literally join the monitor, allow him to concentrate his attention and intently observe what is happening. Children easily remember new information and then discuss it in a group.

Methods of visual support of the material make it possible to achieve long-term concentration of pupils’ attention, as well as simultaneous impact on several of the child’s senses, which contributes to a more durable consolidation of the new knowledge acquired. With the help of computer programs, it becomes possible to simulate various life situations that would not be possible to recreate in a kindergarten.

Depending on the child’s abilities, the program can be tailored specifically to him, that is, focusing on his individual development.

At the same time, due to computer illiteracy, teachers can make a number of mistakes. For example, overloading a lesson with slides, being insufficiently competent in computer literacy due to lack of relevant experience.

7. Personally-oriented technologies

The use of personality-oriented and gaming technologies contributes to the development of a preschooler’s individuality. This is a kind of foundation for the entire educational process. The main emphasis is on the child’s personality and his specific characteristics.

The goal of personality-oriented technology is to create democratic, partnership-based, humanistic relationships between a child and a teacher, as well as to provide conditions for the development of students’ personalities. With a student-centered approach, the child’s personality is placed at the forefront of learning.

Depending on the child’s abilities, the teacher selects educational games that will help maximize and develop the child’s talent. There is no place for authoritarianism, imposition of opinions and an impersonal approach to the student. In the group, as a rule, there is an atmosphere of love, mutual respect and cooperation.

Personality-oriented technologies provide conditions for the development of a child’s individuality. These are various sensory rooms, corners for individual games and activities.

8. Gaming technologies

Gaming technologies are the foundation of all preschool education. In the light of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education, the child’s personality is brought to the fore and now the entire preschool childhood should be devoted to play.

At the same time, games have many cognitive and educational functions. Among the game exercises we can highlight those

which help to highlight the characteristic features of objects: that is, they teach to compare;
which help to generalize objects according to certain characteristics;
who teach the child to separate fiction from reality;
which foster communication in a team, develop speed of reaction, ingenuity, and more.

It is worth mentioning the TRIZ technology (the theory of solving inventive problems), which puts creativity at the forefront. TRIZ puts complex material into a form that is easy and accessible to children. Children learn about the world through fairy tales and everyday situations.

The problem of productive use of modern educational technologies in preschool educational institutions

Most educational technologies and methods require numerous illustrative and educational materials, the preparation of a huge amount of documentation and reports, and increasing the level of computer skills among staff (to create simple presentations).

Teachers' busy schedules have a negative impact on the introduction of innovative technologies into the education process.

Many public preschool institutions do not have computers for each teacher, nor do they have a sufficient number of teaching materials and games. Due to the high busyness of educators and other preschool teachers, they do not have time to search for and prepare good illustrative and educational material for classes. Therefore, year after year, the practice is to use the same games, without much innovation.

Computer games in kindergarten

Features of developmental technologies of a preschool institution

Developmental technologies in preschool institutions should be mobile - change and adapt to the given time. At the moment, children are more willing to study Russian fairy tales with the help of modern technologies (projectors, interesting presentations, etc.), rather than sitting in a circle and listening to the monotonous voice of the teacher. But everything requires moderation, so innovative technologies are based on traditional methods of education, improved and supplemented by modern research.

In the 21st century, a person must quickly assimilate information, adapt to the changing world and find his place in it every day, have flexibility of thinking and communication skills. To work productively with preschoolers, it is necessary to analyze and introduce modern teaching technologies into the pedagogical process.

Using innovative technologies in kindergarten

Phanaeva Klavdiya

Using innovative technologies in kindergarten

Teacher of preschool education groups\r\nKlavdiya Vladimirovna Phanaeva

Health is more valuable than gold.

Shakespeare W.

Using innovative technologies in kindergarten

Today, teams of teachers working in preschool educational institutions (preschool educational institutions) direct all their efforts to introduce various innovative technologies . We will learn from this article what this is connected with.

annotation

This article was developed with the aim of using innovative technologies and creating systematic work to develop the value of health and a healthy lifestyle at the initial stage of preschool education.

Key words: health-saving technologies , dynamic pauses, outdoor and sports games, physical education classes, independent activities of children, morning exercises (traditional, breathing, sound, physical exercises after naps, physical exercises in combination with hardening procedures, physical education walks, physical education leisure activities

“The cultural education of a child should begin very early, when the child is very far from literacy, when he has just learned to see, hear and say something well.”

A. S. Makarenko

What is innovation activity in preschool educational institutions ?

Any innovation is nothing more than the creation and subsequent implementation of a fundamentally new component, as a result of which qualitative changes occur. Technology , in turn, is a general concept of various techniques that are used in a particular business, craft or art. Thus, innovative technologies in preschool educational institutions are aimed at creating modern components and techniques, the main purpose of which is to modernize the educational process. For this purpose, teaching teams in kindergartens are developing the latest models for the education and intellectual development of children, which differ from other preschool institutions. In their professional activities, educators use methodological tools, teaching methods and techniques that are fully consistent with the accepted model. Modern educational technologies are being used more and more often in preschool educational institutions, and the results of their implementation will be evident for many decades to come.

Requirements for educational technologies

Experts say that it is not only possible, but also necessary to introduce innovative technologies However, it should be taken into account that pedagogical technologies used in the educational process of preschool children are subject to a number of strict requirements. These include:

Conceptuality, which suggests that the educational process should be based on a certain scientific concept.

Systematicity is a requirement stipulating that technologies must have all the features characteristic of a system. That is, they must be holistic, logical, and their constituent elements must be interconnected.

Manageability is a requirement, which means that the teaching staff must be provided with the opportunity to set certain goals, plan the learning process, and adjust certain aspects along the way.

reproducibility is a requirement according to which technology must be equally effective regardless of the personality of the teacher who uses it in practice.

Modern educational technologies in preschool educational institutions must necessarily comply with all of the above points.

Types of technologies

Today, there are more than a hundred educational technologies used in kindergartens . Among them, close attention should be paid to:

health-saving technologies ;

technologies related to project activities;

technologies used in project activities ;

information and communication technologies ;

technologies focused on each individual person (person-oriented)

;

so-called gaming technologies .

Modern health-saving technologies

These technologies are being developed to make the transition from simply treating and preventing disease to promoting health as a self-cultivated value.

The goal of health-saving technologies is to ensure a high level of real health for kindergarten , fostering a valeological culture, i.e., a child’s conscious attitude towards human health and life, knowledge about health and the ability to protect, support and preserve it, valeological competence, allowing a preschooler to independently and effectively solve problems of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior, tasks related to the provision of basic medical, psychological self-help and assistance.

Forms of organizing health-saving work[1]:

physical education classes

independent activities of children

outdoor games

morning exercises (traditional, breathing, sound)

motor-health-improving physical training sessions

exercise after nap

physical exercises combined with hardening procedures

physical exercise walks (to the park, to the stadium)

physical education

sports holidays

health procedures in the aquatic environment.

Currently existing health-saving educational technologies can be divided into three subgroups:

1. Technologies for preserving and promoting health

Dynamic pauses - during classes, 2-5 minutes, as children get tired. Recommended for all children as a preventive measure against fatigue. May include elements of eye exercises, breathing exercises and others, depending on the type of activity.

Outdoor and sports games - as part of a physical education lesson, on a walk, in a group room - low, medium and high degrees of mobility Daily for all age groups. Games are selected according to the age of the child, the place and time of the game. In kindergarten we use only elements of sports games[11].

Relaxation - in any suitable room, depending on the condition of the children and goals, the teacher determines the intensity of the technology . For all age groups. You can use calm classical music (Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, sounds of nature.

Finger gymnastics – from a young age, individually or with a subgroup, daily. Recommended for all children, especially those with speech problems. Conducted at any convenient time (at any convenient time)

[5].

Gymnastics for the eyes – daily for 3-5 minutes. at any free time depending on the intensity of visual load from a young age. It is recommended to use visual material , demonstration by the teacher.

Breathing exercises – in various forms of physical education and health work. Ensure the room is ventilated and the teacher give children instructions on mandatory nasal hygiene before the procedure.

Dynamic gymnastics (invigorating)

– daily after nap, 5-10 min.

Corrective gymnastics - in various forms of physical education and health work. The form of implementation depends on the task and the number of children.

Orthopedic gymnastics – in various forms of physical education and health work. Recommended for children with flat feet and as a prevention of diseases of the supporting arch of the foot.

2. Technologies for teaching a healthy lifestyle

Physical education – 2-3 times a week in a sports hall or music hall. Early age - in a group room, 10 min. Young age - 15-20 minutes, middle age - 20-25 minutes, older age - 25-30 minutes. Before class, it is necessary to ventilate the room well[2].

Problem-based games (game training and game therapy)

– in your free time, maybe in the afternoon. The time is not strictly fixed, depending on the tasks set by the teacher. The lesson can be organized unnoticed by the child, by including the teacher in the process of play activity.

Communication games – 1-2 times a week for 30 minutes. from an older age. Classes are structured according to a specific scheme and consist of several parts. They include conversations, sketches and games of varying degrees of mobility, drawing, modeling, etc.

activities from the “Health”

-1 time per week for 30 minutes. from an older age. Can be included in the lesson schedule as cognitive development[1].

In the morning, acupressure self-massage is carried out on the eve of epidemics, in the autumn and spring periods at any time of the day. It is carried out strictly according to a special technique. Recommended for children with frequent colds and respiratory diseases. Visual material is used (special modules)

3. Corrective technologies

Technologies of musical influence - in various forms of physical education and health work; or separate classes 2-4 times a month, depending on your goals. Used as an aid as part of other technologies ; to relieve tension, increase emotional mood, etc.[8].

Fairytale therapy – 2-4 lessons per month, 30 minutes each. from an older age. Classes are used for psychological therapeutic and developmental work. A fairy tale can be told by an adult, or it can be a group story, where the narrator is not one person, but a group of children, and the rest of the children repeat the necessary movements after the storytellers[6].

technologies – as a special lesson 2-4 times a month, depending on the tasks. Correctly selected interior colors in our group relieve tension and increase the child’s emotional mood.

technologies used in combination ultimately form a strong motivation in the child for a healthy lifestyle.

Hardening is an important link in the system of physical education of children. [1]. It provides training of the body's defenses, increasing its resistance to the effects of constant change.

changing environmental conditions. Hardening gives a healing effect only if it is carried out competently and the following principles are strictly observed[2]:

hardening activities fit harmoniously into all routine moments;

are carried out systematically against the background of the optimal thermal state of children, against the background of their positive emotional mood;

are carried out taking into account the individual, age characteristics of children, health status, level of hardening;

the strength of impact and duration of hardening procedures increases gradually.

Any hardening procedure gives a positive result only in a complex of hardening measures carried out in the daily life of a preschool educational institution. The use of special forms of health-saving technologies with the use of a developmental health improvement program should lead not only to the preservation, but also to the development of the health of pupils.

Only a healthy child is happy to participate in all types of activities; he is cheerful, optimistic, and open in communication with peers and teachers. This is the key to the successful development of all spheres of personality, all its properties and qualities.

Project activities in kindergarten

Project activity is a didactic means of activating the cognitive and creative development of a child and at the same time shaping the child’s personal qualities. The knowledge acquired by children during the implementation of the project becomes the property of their personal experience. By experimenting, the child seeks the answer to the question and thereby develops creativity and communication skills. Using the project as a form of joint developmental activity for children and adults, teachers organize educational activities in an interesting, creative, and productive way.

The use of a project in preschool educational practice has the right to be considered as a pedagogical innovation , since the basis of the project method is the idea of directing the cognitive activity of preschoolers towards the result that is achieved in the process of joint work of the teacher and children on a specific practical problem (topic)

A feature of project activities in the preschool education system is that the child cannot yet independently find contradictions in the environment, formulate a problem, or determine a goal (intention)

. Therefore, in the educational process of a preschool educational institution, project activities are in the nature of cooperation, in which children and teachers of the preschool educational institution take part, and parents are also involved. Parents become direct participants in the educational process, enriching their teaching experience, experiencing a sense of ownership and satisfaction from their successes and the successes of their child.

In addition, the project method takes the form of integrated education for preschoolers and is based on the individual interests of children, thus increasing the independent activity of kindergarten .

Use of ICT (information and computer technology )

Information and computer technologies are actively used both in educational and methodological work of preschool educational institutions. Such classes allow you to integrate audiovisual information presented in various forms (video, animation, slides, music, and activate children’s attention due to the possibility of demonstrating phenomena and objects in dynamics.

For teachers who are active Internet users, the computer helps them obtain additional information that is not available in printed form, as well as diversify illustrative material when selecting visual material for classes.

1. Compared to traditional forms of teaching preschoolers, the computer has a number of advantages;

2. Presenting information on a computer screen in a playful way arouses great interest in children;

3. Contains a new type of information that is understandable to preschoolers;

4. Movement, sound, animation attracts attention for a long time;

5. Problematic tasks and encouraging the child to solve them correctly with the computer itself are a stimulus for children’s cognitive activity;

6. Provides the opportunity to individualize training;

7. The child himself regulates the pace and number of game learning tasks to be solved;

8. In the process of his activities at the computer, the preschooler gains self-confidence in the fact that he can do a lot;

9. Allows you to simulate life situations that cannot be seen in everyday life, unexpected and unusual effects;

10. The computer is attractive to children, like any other new toy, the computer is very “patient”

, never scolds a child for mistakes, but waits for him to correct them himself.

Cognitive and research activities

The development of cognitive interests of preschool children is one of the pressing problems of pedagogy, designed to educate a person capable of self-development and self-improvement. It is experimentation that is the leading type of activity, both in junior and senior preschool age, as L. S. Vygotsky repeatedly spoke about.

During experimentation, the child learns about the object. In practical activities, it carries out and performs a cognitive, orientation and research function, creating conditions in which the content of a given object is revealed.

For example: during the implementation of the educational project “Autumn”

When introducing vegetables to children in the younger group, the teacher conducts a
“drowning or not drowning”
: potatoes, onions, tomatoes.
During this experiment, the children learned that potatoes sink, but tomatoes and onions float. “What I hear, I forget.
What I see - I remember. What I do, I understand ,” Confucius said so many centuries ago.

The method of exploratory teaching must be understood as training in which the child is placed in a situation where he himself masters concepts and an approach to solving problems in the process of cognition, more or less organized (guided)

teacher In its most complete, expanded form, research training involves the following:

the child identifies and poses a problem that needs to be resolved; offers possible solutions;

tests these possible solutions against the data;

draws conclusions in accordance with the results of the audit;

applies conclusions to new data;

makes generalizations.

Developmental education technology

In traditional teaching, a system of concepts is set for assimilation through the formulation of these concepts and their definitions. Therefore, there is a rigid list of what a student should know. In developmental education, scientific concepts exist in an easy version - a method of action.

The child must master this method, its basis, the ability to construct this action, justify it, prove it. Therefore, in developmental education it is undesirable and, apparently, impossible to set ready-made definitions. The formulation of the concept is the result that must be arrived at ultimately as a result of analysis[9].

Changes in content also lead to significant changes in teaching methods.

The basis of the traditional teaching method is demonstration of the method, explanation, training, evaluation. This is an illustrative and explanatory method. In developmental education, the subject of which is not a method of action, but a principle, this method is not suitable for the reason that the principle, unlike the method, cannot be demonstrated. Clarification of the principle is possible only as a result of an independent analysis of the action, situation, conditions and generalization of those objective connections on which this method is based.

Personality-oriented technologies

Personality-oriented technologies place the child’s personality at the center of the entire educational system, providing comfortable, conflict-free and safe conditions for its development, and realizing its natural potentials. The child’s personality in this technology is not only a subject , but also a priority subject; it is the goal of the educational system, and not a means to achieve some abstract goal. Such technologies are also called anthropocentric.

Thus, personality-oriented technologies are characterized by a humanistic and psychotherapeutic orientation and are aimed at the versatile, free and creative development of the child.

Within the framework of person-oriented technologies, humane-personal technologies , technologies of cooperation and technologies of free education are distinguished as independent directions.

technology implements democracy, equality, and partnership in the subject-subject relationship between teacher and child. The teacher and the child jointly develop goals, content, and give assessments, being in a state of cooperation and co-creation.

Technologies of free education place emphasis on providing the child with freedom of choice and independence in a greater or lesser area of his life. When making a choice, the child realizes the position of the subject in the best way, going to the result from internal motivation, and not from external influence.

Conclusion

So, all of the above technologies are primarily aimed at improving the quality of education. However, the very concept of “quality of the educational process”

characterized differently from the point of view of each participant:

For children, this is learning in a fun way for them.

For parents, this means effective education for children, that is, training in programs that prepare children well for school:

training without fatigue;

maintaining children's health, both mental and physical;

success of training;

maintaining the desire to learn;

ensuring the opportunity to enter a prestigious school;

training in prestigious subjects (foreign language, choreography)

For educators, this is, first of all, a positive assessment of their success by preschool leaders and parents:

their successful completion of all educational programs;

optimal selection of methods and techniques for working with children;

maintaining children's interest in the educational process;

successful development of children in the process of their education;

maintaining the mental and physical health of children;

rational use of children's educational time and teacher's working time;

provision of the pedagogical process with all necessary aids and equipment.

Modern pedagogical technologies , such as collaborative learning, project-based methodology, interactive interaction, and the use of new information technologies help to implement a person-centered approach to children, ensuring individualization and differentiation of the pedagogical process, taking into account their abilities and level of development. Today the focus is on the child, his personality, and his unique inner world. Therefore, the main goal of a modern teacher is to choose methods and forms of organizing the educational process that optimally correspond to the goal of personal development.

“The result of our work should be the younger generation realizing the need for a healthy lifestyle, exercise

physical culture and sports. Every young person should realize that a healthy lifestyle is success, his personal success.”

Vladimir Putin

Literature.

1. Gavryuchina L. V. “Health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions ”

, 2010

2. N. G. Golitsina, I. M. Shumova “Education of the fundamentals of a healthy lifestyle in children”

3. M. N. Kuznetsova based on the article “sleep and its organization”

4. Kharchenko T. E. “Morning exercises in kindergarten . Exercises for children 2-3 years old. – Publishing house “Mosaic – Synthesis”

. 2009 – 86s.

5. "Finger games for children"

— S. O. Ermakova, 2009

6. "Fun for kids"

— M. Yu. Kartushina, Moscow.
"Creative Center"
, 2007

7. "Naughty fingers"

- music
classes by I. V. Bodrachenko, Magazine “Musical Director”
No. 8, 2007.

8. "Finger games for kids"

— D. A. Kostrata,
“Musical Director”
No. 5, 2008.

9. Yakovleva T. S. “Health-saving technologies of education in preschool educational institutions ”

2006

10. Shorygina T. A. “Conversations about health” Methodological manual 2008.

11. Health-improving gymnastics for children 3 – 7 years old” Penzulaeva L. I. 2002

The use of innovative forms, methods, technologies in working with preschool children

The use of innovative forms, methods, technologies in working with preschool children

The process of reorganizing the entire education system places high demands on the organization of preschool education and training, and intensifies the search for new, more effective psychological and pedagogical approaches to this process.

The development of preschool education and its transition to a new qualitative level cannot be carried out without the development of innovative forms, methods, means and innovative technologies.

Innovative activity of a teacher

is a necessary part of the educational process. The introduction of innovations means the need for educators to adapt their activities to changing conditions and use non-standard techniques in educational processes. The work of a teacher should not be limited to exclusively old and proven methods; some variety is necessary.

In the modern understanding, innovation is “the manifestation of new forms or elements of something, as well as a newly formed form or element.” A synonym for innovation is the concept of “innovation”.

The innovative activity of the teacher is

to begin mastering developmental innovations, to introduce new forms, methods, techniques, tools, technologies, programs into the educational process. Apply and study in practice, use your personal experience and knowledge.

The purpose of using innovation is

to create a person-oriented educational environment in preschool educational institutions, allowing to create conditions for full physical, spiritual, psycho-emotional health, interpersonal, group developmental interaction of children, parents, teachers and specialists.

Tasks:

to cultivate the social and personal qualities of preschoolers who can think outside the box and creatively;

develop initiative, curiosity, volition, the ability for creative self-expression, stimulate communicative, cognitive, play and other activity of children in various types of activities;

to develop children’s skills in using modern innovative technologies aimed at the successful socialization of the individual in society and increasing the level of intellectual thinking and creative imagination.

Any technology has means that motivate, activate, and shape the activities of students. In some technologies, these means constitute the main idea and basis for the effectiveness of the results. Such technologies include gaming technologies.

Play is the leading activity

, all preschool age. The developmental potential of the game lies in its very nature. The pedagogical value of the game lies in the fact that it becomes the strongest motivational factor; the child is guided by personal attitudes and motives.