“Formation of the fundamentals of life safety among pupils”
“The most precious thing a person has is life” N. A. Ostrovsky.
Forming the foundations for the safety and life of children in the context of preschool education is an urgent and significant problem, since it is determined by the objective need to inform children about the rules of safe behavior, and for them to gain experience of safe behavior in everyday life.
It is important not only to protect the child from danger, but also to prepare him to face possible difficulties, to form an understanding of the most dangerous situations, the need to take precautions, to instill in him the skills of safe behavior in everyday life together with parents who act as role models for the child. The concept of safety in parole previously included only the protection of the life and health of children. But the modern world has changed its approach to the problem of security; it also includes such concepts as environmental disaster and terrorism.
When introducing children to basic safety, the following objectives should be identified:
— formation of the foundations for maintaining and promoting health;
- education of safe behavior, the ability to anticipate dangerous situations, avoid them if possible, and act if necessary.
Working with children on life safety includes a whole range of tasks:
— acquaintance with household sources of danger, with the necessary actions in case of danger, the formation of ideas about methods of safe behavior in everyday life;
— development of the foundations of ecological culture, nurturing love, responsible and caring attitude towards native nature;
— education of a competent road user;
- fostering a sense of mutual assistance and camaraderie.
The implementation of these tasks and the formation of the initial foundations of security are carried out taking into account the following basic principles:
— systematic and consistent (any new stage in children’s education is based on what has already been mastered in the previous one);
— accessibility (the complexity of the material takes into account the age characteristics of children);
— inclusion in activities (game, educational, search and other types);
— clarity (safety precautions are best perceived through rich illustrative material);
— dynamism (integration of tasks into different types of activities);
— psychological comfort (removal of stress factors).
Forms of organization of the educational process:
- classes;
- memorizing poems;
- collection of photographic materials;
- games - activities;
- learning the rules of safe behavior;
- conversations;
- didactic games;
- outdoor games ;
- reading fiction;
- viewing illustrations on the topic;
- observations;
- excursions;
- theatrical performances;
- plot-role-playing games;
- games - trainings;
- watching cartoons;
- work activity;
- productive activity;
- guessing riddles;
- entertainment;
- leisure;
- playing out situations of correct and incorrect behavior;
- meeting interesting people;
- participation in various competitions;
- personal example of adults.
Along with traditional forms of education, great attention must be paid to the organization of various types of activities and the acquisition of experience by children. Everything we teach children should be able to apply in real life, in practice.
A child finds himself in various life situations in which he may simply become confused. Firstly, it is necessary to give children the necessary amount of knowledge of generally accepted human norms of behavior. Secondly, to teach how to act adequately and consciously in a given environment, to help preschoolers master basic behavioral skills at home, on the street, in the park, in transport, and thirdly, to develop independence and responsibility in preschoolers.
Solving the problems of ensuring a safe, healthy lifestyle is possible only with constant communication between an adult and a child on equal terms: together we look for a way out of a difficult situation, together we discuss the problem, we conduct a dialogue, we learn together, we make discoveries, we are surprised.
Consultation for parents “Safety of a preschooler on the street and at home”
Consultation for parents
“Safety of a preschooler on the street and at home”
The most valuable thing we have in life is the life and health of our children. Often, being drawn into the whirlwind of everyday life, we forget about how many unexpected dangers lie in wait for a little person on the path of life.
The main advantage of preschoolers in teaching personal safety is that children of this age follow clearly formulated instructions from their parents in connection with age-related characteristics.
It is necessary to highlight the rules of behavior that children will follow, since their health and safety depend on this.
These rules should be explained in detail to children and then monitored for their implementation. The task of adults is not only to protect and protect the child, but also to prepare him to face various difficult and sometimes dangerous life situations. The child must know information about himself:
first name, last name, address and telephone number.
Safety -
This is not just a sum of conventional knowledge, but the ability to behave correctly in various situations.
Danger -
The central concept of life safety is an activity; it is of a hidden nature.
Signs that define danger are:
- Threat to life;
- Possibility of harm to health;
- Violation of the conditions for the normal functioning of human organs and systems.
The most common injuries are: wounds and bruises; burns; electrical injuries; poisoning; entry of foreign bodies into the body.
Therefore, it is extremely important to create conditions in a preschool educational institution and family that allow the child to systematically learn the rules of safe behavior. In extreme situations, when they need to decide what to do, preschoolers become lost and fall into a state of hopelessness and insecurity. The child makes decisions slowly and often incorrectly, as he is lost, not knowing what to do.
Keeping children safe in the kitchen:
- Use only the back burners of the stove and turn the handles of pans towards the wall.
- Keep your child away from the hot oven door.
- Choose a kettle without a cord or with a short, curled cord.
- Pour out the remaining boiling water.
- When the hot iron is turned off, it should cool down in an inaccessible place. Do not leave the wire hanging.
- Install safety latches on doors and cabinets to prevent children from reaching knives, matches, and cleaning supplies.
Ensuring the safety of children on the playground and outside the home:
- Cars parked near the house pose a great danger (drivers may not notice the baby, or the car will drive away on its own).
- Plants in a circle. Kids often play with picked plants, but not all of them may be harmless.
- Open sewer manholes often cause serious injuries.
- Swing. It is necessary to explain to the child that the swing needs to be approached from the side, and to go around it at a great distance; you can climb off and sit on the swing only when it has completely stopped.
- Roller skating and cycling. Do not forget about protective equipment (they should be the right size for your child, tell your child about the rules of movement and the speed of movement.
Ensuring the safety of children in the living room:
- Remove tablecloths and use napkins instead. A child can pull off the tablecloth and knock over everything on the table.
- Lock up all bottles of alcohol. Never leave glasses of hot drinks or alcohol on a coffee table, low shelf or television within a child's reach.
- Install guards in front of open flames and a spark barrier. Always make sure your baby is not left alone in a room with an open fire.
- Don't think that a child can't climb somewhere. Being quite curious, he will always consider all shelves, tables and chairs as an interesting target for his exploration.
- Keep house flowers out of his reach. Some of them are poisonous or cause an allergic reaction.
- Protect sharp corners on tables and cabinets.
- Cover interior glass doors and tables with safety film. Label glass surfaces with stickers.
- Keep your child's toys within his reach. Don't put them high on a shelf. The baby may try to get to them.
- Place chairs with their backs against the wall to prevent your child from tipping them over.
- Block electrical outlets. Use one plug per outlet.
Keeping children safe in the bathroom:
- Keep the temperature of your electric towel dryer low.
- Place a latch on the door out of your child's reach to prevent him from locking himself out.
- Cover the gas shower with protective film. Set the water heater thermostat to a maximum of 54°C to prevent your baby from getting scalded.
- If your child is curious, install a lock on the toilet lid and avoid using toilet scents, as children tend to chew them.
When driving on the sidewalk.
- Keep to the right.
- The adult must be on the side of the roadway.
- If the sidewalk is next to a road, hold your child's hand tightly.
- Teach your child to carefully watch cars leaving the yard while walking along the sidewalk.
- Explain to children that throwing glass or stones on the road is prohibited. This could lead to trouble.
- Do not teach children to go out onto the roadway; only carry strollers and sleds on the sidewalk.
Mark the boundary between “friends and strangers”
: Set rules regarding strangers and enforce them.
Explain to your child: a stranger is any person he does not know (regardless of how he behaves or who he imagines himself to be). Safety in public transport
Parents should remember that young children should not travel on public transport without an adult. But gradually children need to be prepared for this. For example, the child should know his route well, mainly the pick-up and drop-off stations. He must also know all the landmarks and street names along the route. Explain to your child that he must see and notice everything.
Advise your child to sit next to the driver or controller and wait for the bus only in a well-lit place. Of course, strengthen your child’s faith in his own instinct. He should leave as soon as he feels any discomfort. If a stranger speaks to him, he needs to attract the attention of others so that if necessary, someone can come to his aid. When using public transport, the following rules must be observed.
1. You cannot show money to attract attention.
2. You cannot go close to the edge of the road when boarding a bus, especially during icy periods. 3. You cannot stand at the doors - this interferes with the entry and exit of passengers. 4.You cannot lean out or stick your hands out of open windows. 5. It is customary to give up your seat to elderly people, passengers with small children, and disabled people. The child must remember the following rules. 1. Do not go outside without adults.
2. Do not play on the sidewalk near the roadway. 3. Cross the road only at a pedestrian crossing when the traffic light is green. 4. Ride a bicycle in the city only where there are no cars. 5. Small children should ride a bicycle only in the presence of adults; children of older preschool age, even in the presence of adults, should not ride a bicycle on the sidewalk, as they can interfere with pedestrians, run over a small child, hit an elderly person, or push a stroller with a baby. . 6. Be attentive, but not overly cautious or cowardly. 7. It’s good to know the landmarks in the area of your home. 8. Walk in the middle of the sidewalk, avoiding bushes and doors, especially abandoned houses. 9. Know all the safe places where you can hide and get help. 10. Do not attract attention to yourself by your behavior.
Dear parents!
You are a role model for children. You are an object of love and imitation for a child. This must always be remembered, and even more so when you take a step onto the roadway with your baby.
To prevent your child from getting into trouble, teach him respect for the rules of the road patiently, daily, unobtrusively. The child should only play in the yard under your supervision. He must know: you can’t go out on the road. Do not intimidate the child, but watch with him and take advantage of the situation on the road, yard, street; Explain what happens to transport and pedestrians. Develop your child's visual memory and attention. To do this, create game situations at home. Let your baby lead you to kindergarten and home from kindergarten.
Fire safety in preschool educational institutions
Compliance with fire safety is one of the key points in the system of ensuring the safety conditions of a preschool institution.
Firstly, you should pay close attention to the fire safety of the building: conduct periodic inspections of gas stoves in the kitchen and electrical wiring throughout the building. The premises of the preschool educational institution must be equipped with basic means of fire protection: fire extinguishers, shovels and sand. It is necessary to have a “panic button” in the building, with which you can quickly call the fire brigade or the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Secondly, you should pay close attention to the objects with which the child plays. After all, the presence of matches or a lighter in the hands of a baby is not necessarily caused by the negligence of the parents - it may be an accidental discovery of a young researcher who will probably want to figure out “how it works.”
