Tasks set during classes
In outdoor games with a ball, preschoolers acquire the necessary skills and abilities. Children learn to clearly and calmly perform the exercises given by the teacher. Develops manual dexterity and improves physical fitness.
| № | Action | Skills children need to acquire |
| 1 | Pushing and rolling | vigorous pushing with hands, rolling between objects |
| 2 | Catching | catching with hands without pressing to the chest; catching with subsequent passing to each other |
| 3 | Reception | reception with both hands at the same time |
| 4 | Throwing and passing | two-handed throws throws to a clearly defined location transmission from the chest, from behind the head, from below |
| 5 | Batting | vigorous beating with hands |
The children also get acquainted with the properties of the ball itself: volume, shape, dynamics. Training must be done with both large and small balls.
Card file of ball games (ages 4-7 years)
Compiled by: physical education instructor
Beloborodova Natalia Vladimirovna
Ball on the floor
Purpose of the game . Catch a ball that bounces off the floor.
Description of the game . Children are divided into two teams and stand in ranks facing each other. Children from one section of each team have a ball. They hit the ball lightly on the floor, catch it with both hands and roll it to their team partners standing in the line opposite.
Methodological techniques. The adult is in a place where he can immediately see everyone, helps catch balls that have rolled far away, reminds how to catch the ball correctly (you need to make a deep basket out of two hands and have time to place it under the ball in time after it bounces off the floor), outlines new options (the same as in the game “Toss and Catch”).
Get into the window
Purpose of the game . Hit the ball at a vertical target from close range.
Description of the game . Children are divided into 2 teams. Each team should have no more than 5-6 children. The guys stand in a column, one at a time, on either side of the gymnastics wall at a distance of 1 m. A line is drawn at the same distance. One team gets the ball. Children of one team throw the ball with their right hand, the other team with their left. The person standing first throws the ball into the lower span of the gymnastic wall - the “window” and stands at the end of the column. The child standing first on the opposite team catches it (or takes it from the floor or ground) and throws the ball into the same space. The next children throw higher into the sky, etc. If one does not hit the “window,” then the next child from the same team throws the ball into the same “window.” When the ball reaches each “window”, the teams change places: those who threw the ball with their left hand throw with their right, and vice versa. The team that makes the fewest mistakes wins. After that, another pair of teams takes their place.
Methodological techniques. The teacher makes sure that the children do not come closer to the gymnastics wall during the throw than the required distance.
Option. "Ball in the net."
A volleyball net is stretched on the court at a height of 110-120 cm. Children are also divided into teams and stand on both sides of the net. Each child from the team takes turns throwing the ball into any cell of the net, and the one standing opposite catches it.
Ball against the wall
Purpose of the game . Throw the ball at the wall, improve the skill of catching the ball that bounced off the wall.
Description of the game . Children line up in 2 lines and stand opposite the wall at a distance of 80-100 cm. Each child takes turns throwing the ball at the wall and catching it, first with two hands, and then with one hand. After this, he stands behind his column. The link that makes the fewest number of ball drops wins.
Methodological techniques. The teacher, standing to the side of the links, tells you how to throw and catch the ball correctly (your legs should be slightly bent at the knees so that you can quickly step back to the side in time to catch the ball); controls the formation of children (it should be such that children do not interfere with each other).
After repeated play, the game becomes more complicated: one child throws, and the other in the column catches, etc.; You can catch with a net, which is given to the second player, after which he passes the net to the next one, etc.
Get into the circle
Purpose of the game . Throw the ball at the wall so that after the rebound it flies in the desired direction; catch a ball that bounces off the floor.
Description of the game . Children stand in 2 lines at a distance of 50-80 cm from the wall. On the floor, 30-40 cm from the wall, there is a hoop (or a circle is drawn). Everyone takes turns throwing the ball against the wall so that it bounces into the circle. He catches the ball and passes it to the next one, and he himself stands at the end of the column. The team with the most points (ball hits in the circle) wins.
Methodological techniques. The teacher, being on the side of the players, monitors the correctness of the throws - the ball must be held lightly - with three fingers, thrown from below, the left (right) leg is slightly put forward, both legs are bent at the knees. If the ball did not reach the hoop (weak throw) or went over the hoop (strong throw), the teacher prompts: “Throw harder!”, “Throw lightly,” “Throw from below!”. He shows himself, marks the best links, gives options: one throws, another puts the hoop under the ball, the third catches the rebounded ball.
Ball in a circle
Purpose of the game . Improve the ability to hit the ball at a stationary horizontal target.
Description of the game . Children are divided into teams, each of which has 5-6 people. Colored hoops are laid out on the floor in any order, 3-4 pieces against each team. Children stand in front of the hoops at a distance of 1.5-2 m. At the teacher’s signal, the first throw the ball so that it hits the circle (hoop). Each child makes two throws into any circle, or the teacher suggests a certain sequence: hit red, blue, yellow, etc. The team that hits all the colored circles wins.
Methodological techniques. Children can throw in any way, but the teacher must explain that throwing from below is more effective, and the ball must be held freely.
The game can be played with a feather ball (shuttlecock) or a small rubber ball.
Option. "Through a rope and into a hoop."
The game is played in the same way as the previous one, only it takes place on the court. A rope is pulled between two posts at a height of 1 20-130 cm. On one side of the site, a circle with a diameter of 1 m is drawn behind the rope; a line is drawn at a distance of 50-70 cm in front of the rope. Children take turns throwing the ball (shuttlecock) over the rope, trying to get into the circle. You can distribute children into several teams. The team with the most ball hits in the circle wins.
Hit and catch
Purpose of the game . Throw the ball at a horizontal target and catch it.
Description of the game . A group of children is divided into teams. Everyone lines up in a column one by one. In front of each team, squares are drawn on the floor (ground) at a close distance from each other. At the teacher’s signal, the first of each team runs to the squares and tries to hit the ball into the square and catch it. The movement is reminiscent of driving stakes. After this, the ball is passed to the next player. You can hit the ball with your left hand, catch it with your right, or vice versa. Or hit and catch with the same hand.
Don't hit the ball
Purpose of the game . Develop dexterity and coordination of movements in children by operating with two objects.
Description of the game . Children are divided into teams. Each team has a hoop and a ball. You need to hit the ball hard on the floor (or throw it up so that it bounces on the floor as long as possible). At this time, the player swings the hoop (like a pendulum) under the ball several times until the ball stops bouncing. The ball and hoop are then passed to the next person on the team. The winner is the team that strictly complies with the conditions of the game.
Methodological techniques. The teacher is in front of the players, facing them, notes typical mistakes: “Don’t swing the hoop too much!”, Varies the task: make several movements with the hoop - left, right, away from you, towards you; perform a certain number of movements with the hoop; move the hoop so as to hit the ball as quickly as possible; pick up a bouncing ball at any attempt and catch it with your free hand; toss and bounce the ball in a circle (not done with a hoop) as many times as possible without dropping it on the floor; do the same with your left hand.
Ball uphill
Purpose of the game . Roll the ball onto an inclined slide and catch it with your hands.
Description of the game . Children stand in a circle (7-8 people) at a distance of arms outstretched to the sides. There can be 2-3 such circles. In the center of the circle is a slide (a cube with a gymnastics board on it).
A child, standing two steps from the base of the slide, rolls the ball up the slide with sufficient force so that the player on the other side of the circle can catch it with his hands and pass it to the left side in a circle. Then everyone takes a step to the left, and other children continue the game. The team that completes the task faster with the least number of times the ball hits the floor wins.
Methodological techniques. The teacher controls the actions of the players, introduces new game options: pass the ball to the right side; play in a column; roll the ball with your left hand from close range.
Ball uphill 2
Purpose of the game . Roll the ball on two slides.
Description of the game . Children are divided into two teams, each against their own slide at a distance of 2-3 m. The slides are connected together at the top. The first four on the team each have a ball. At the signal “Begin!” The driver of the first team stands in front of the slide at a distance of 1 m and rolls the ball so that it hits the opposite slide and rolls down it. This earns the team two points. If the ball does not hit the second hill, then the team receives one point. Then the driver of the second team throws the ball, etc. The team that scores the most points wins.
Methodological techniques. The teacher is on the side of the players, monitors the timely change of players, aloud counts the number of points for each team, offers options for the game: roll the ball with such force that it does not touch the second slide, catch it in flight, preventing it from falling; roll and catch the ball with your left hand; everyone rolls two balls at the same time (with their right and left hands).
Ball uphill against the wall from a hill
Purpose of the game. Improve the skill of rolling a ball onto an inclined slide and bouncing it off the wall.
Description of the game . Teams of children line up in front of two slides, located at a distance of 1.5-2 m from each other. From the wall to the slides is 20-30 cm. You need to roll the ball up the slide from any distance, but so that it hits the wall after overcoming the slide. In this case, the team gets a point. The child takes the ball and passes it to the next person on the team. If the ball falls short of reaching the slide and the wall or, after hitting the wall, does not hit the slide, then it is also passed to another player, but in this case the team does not receive a point. The team that completes the task more accurately and scores the maximum number of points wins.
Methodological techniques. The teacher observes the children's actions, makes specific comments and gives advice on the most common mistakes. So, if the ball did not return to the hill, did not reach the wall, then the teacher says: “Roll the ball harder. Get closer to throw." If the ball hits the wall and goes over the slide, the teacher says: “Don’t roll the ball too much. Move back a little to throw.”
When playing the game again, you can complicate the task a little: one rolls, another catches; roll two balls at once; roll with your left hand.
Roll the ball into the hoop
Purpose of the game . Roll the ball into the hoop using a board (cardboard, plywood).
Description of the game. Children are divided into several subgroups. The same number of hoops are on the floor. A board (cardboard) is placed on the edge of the hoop, one side touching the floor. It turns out to be a small slide. Subgroups of children line up in columns opposite the slides. Everyone has a tennis ball. At the signal, the drivers roll the ball, trying to get into the hoop. In this case, the team gets three points. If the ball hits the hoop but rolls out, then the team receives only one point; if it misses, no point is awarded. Then each child rolls the ball at a rhythm convenient for him. (The ball that hits the hoop stays there until the end of the game to make scoring easier.)
Methodological techniques. The teacher watches the children play and gives advice on how to accurately roll the ball into the hoop. For children who are weak in rolling skills, you can simplify the task: roll from close range. For those who confidently complete the task, increase the distance, adding accordingly the number of points when hitting the hoop. When playing the game again, you can invite the children of each subgroup to roll the ball at the same time, having first placed a sufficient number of boards on the hoop. Or roll it so that it goes over the hoop without hitting it. Or roll the ball into a hoop placed vertically (the hoop is held by a child).
Whose ball will fly farthest?
Purpose of the game. Improve your ball handling skills when rolling uphill.
Description of the game. Columns of children line up in front of 2-4 slides at a distance of 1 m. Everyone has a ball. At the teacher’s signal (waving the flag), the drivers forcefully roll the ball from bottom to top onto the slide so that it flies as far as possible through the air. A flag (cube) is placed where the ball lands. The child takes his ball and stands next to the slide, without interfering with others rolling the ball. If the next player’s ball landing spot is further away, then the flag is moved to this mark; if closer, then the flag is not moved back. The team whose flag is further away from the hill wins.
Methodological techniques. The teacher, standing at the side of the children, checks how the rules of the game are followed and gives specific advice: “Make your swing stronger” - when the ball flies far away; varies the game: roll the ball so that it hits the hoop (box) on the floor (the team in this case receives 3 points, an aimless throw is worth one point).
Ball shot
Purpose of the game . Strengthen the skill of rolling the ball to each other.
Description of the game . Children are divided into subgroups and seated on the floor in a circle at a distance of arms outstretched to the sides. There is one ball in each circle. You need to take it with three fingers (thumb, index and middle), sharply press it and let it across the floor - “shoot”. All fingers should press the ball at the same time, evenly. The player to whom the ball was sent tries to catch it and send it to the next one in the same way. The winner is the subgroup whose “shots” with the ball reached the target.
Methodological techniques. The teacher moves from circle to circle, shows how to perform the task correctly, introduces new game options: perform the task in a different formation - who will roll the ball further (in a standing position); one “shoots” the ball, the other catches it, not allowing it to touch the floor; “shoot” the ball up above you and catch it with both hands.
Chasing the ball
Purpose of the game . Quickly send and receive celluloid balls without dropping them.
Description of the game . Children stand in two circles (two teams). The teacher distributes colored celluloid balls to 3-4 children standing in different places in the circle. At the signal “Catch the ball!” children begin to quickly pass balls to each other. If one child has two balls at once, he is eliminated from the game. After repeating the game 3-4 times, the child plays with everyone together. First the game is played with two balls. The team that strictly followed the rules of the game wins.
Methodological techniques. The teacher monitors the correctness of passing the ball (you can pass the ball in front of you, behind your back, but you cannot pass it through one or more players, or move away). The teacher makes sure that the children do not keep the balls, notes those who are dexterous, attentive, and quick-witted, and introduces new options: play while squatting; in columns one at a time; sitting on benches; on the floor; on the knees; transmit only with a certain hand, and receive with the other.
Pass the ball
Purpose of the game. Pass the ball from hand to hand while moving, improve coordination of movements when running away from objects.
Description of the game . Children are divided into units and lined up in columns one after another. Any object is placed in front of each column at a distance of 3-4 m: a chair, a large ball, a mace, a cube, etc. The first one runs with the ball, runs around the object, passes the ball to the next one in his column and stands behind everyone. If the ball is lost, the child returns, picks it up and runs from the place where the ball fell. The link that is ahead of the others, subject to the conditions of the game, wins.
Methodological techniques. The teacher makes sure that the children follow the rules of the game: do not go out to meet the player ahead of time, try not to touch the object, do not pass the ball and move into the columns on one side. If children often make the listed mistakes, the teacher can stop the game and clarify the rules again.
The game can take place in another version: run around a chair, put the ball on it, and returning to your column, touch the hand of the next player, who, running around the chair, takes the ball and passes it to another, etc.; run to the chair, put the ball on it, run around the chair, blow it off the chair and pass it to the next player.
From hoop to hoop
Purpose of the game. Improve the skill of throwing a ball at a stationary horizontal target.
Description of the game. Children stand in columns one at a time. At a distance of 1 m from the leader, three hoops lie close to each other on the floor (or three circles with a diameter of 80-100 cm are drawn). You need to throw the ball into the first hoop with your right hand so that after rebounding it hits inside the second and, jumping again, hits the third. The child takes his ball and passes it to the next one, and he himself stands on the opposite side, then rolls the balls to his team. The game continues until all players have moved to the opposite side. The team that changes its position the fastest, while making the fewest mistakes, wins.
Methodological techniques. The teacher stands to the side of the players and, as necessary, gives instructions: “Throw the ball lightly”, “Move back a little to throw” (if the ball did not hit one of the hoops), “Hit the ball harder on the floor” (if the ball bounced into the first two hoops, and in the third he just rolled). The teacher can make the game easier or more difficult: throw the ball when the hoops are 50 cm apart; throw the ball from both sides; throw two balls from both sides at the same time.
Ball in a circle
The purpose of the game . Teach children to roll the ball in a certain direction.
Description of the game . Children sit on the floor squatting in a circle. The driver with the ball is in the center of the circle. He rolls the ball to each child in turn or to the one who is called: “Sasha, catch it!” The player catches the ball and sends it back, but at the same time he must complete some task: have time to clap his hands 2-3 times, name a quantitative or ordinal number, for example, the driver says: “First”, the child answers: “Second”, etc. etc. You can name any object included in the general concept (furniture, fruit, etc.).
Methodological techniques. The teacher is at the circle, making sure that the children roll the ball and not toss it, and outlines new options for the game: rolling through one player, through two, with the left hand.
Get to the wall
Purpose of the game . Improve the skill of pushing the ball away when rolling.
Description of the game. From 6-8 sticks they form two corridors 30-50 cm wide so that the corridor reaches the wall. There should be two such corridors. The group is divided into two teams. Two from each team stand against the wall, the rest sit on chairs on both sides of the room. At the teacher’s signal, the children begin to roll the balls towards the wall. After throwing the ball, the player sits down. The person standing at the wall, after touching the ball against the wall, catches it and stands in the starting position for rolling; his place at the wall is taken by the next one in the team. The team that quickly and correctly completed the task wins.
Methodological techniques. The teacher walks between the corridors, tells them how to throw the ball correctly, invites one of the children to serve the ball that rolled out of the corridor, counts how many balls did not reach the wall for each team, and monitors the order in which the players change.
Catch the ball
Purpose of the game . Catch up with a rolling ball.
Description of the game . 2 corridors are made from gymnastic sticks, up to 30 cm wide and 3-4 m long. Children are divided into teams and line up at the beginning of the corridors. The first one rolls the ball, runs after it and tries to catch it, preventing it from rolling out of the corridor. Then he passes the ball to the next one, stands behind the formation or sits on a chair. The team that not only quickly but also completes the task correctly wins.
Methodological techniques. The teacher stands at the other end of the corridor and monitors the correct execution of the exercise: “Don’t throw the ball so hard if you don’t have time to catch it. Cover the ball with your hand on top of the boat.” Offers new tasks: catch a rolling ball after the words: “One-two-three! Catch"; catch at the end of the corridor, in the middle, near the flag.
Roll the ball
Purpose of the game . Learn to roll the ball into the goal.
Description of the game . Children lay out cubes (skittles, gymnastic sticks) into a rectangle 30-40 cm wide without one side facing the players (in the form of a goal). Based on the number of gates, children are divided into teams. Each player has a ball. At a distance of 2-3 m from the goal, the child rolls the ball into the goal of the rectangle. At the end of rolling, one of the team collects all the balls and distributes them to his players. The number of balls that hit the goal is counted. The most accurate and fastest team is declared the winner.
Methodological techniques. The teacher monitors the correct preparation for rolling the ball, serves the balls that do not fall into the rectangle, and counts the ball hits in the goal by each team.
Catch the bounced ball
Purpose of the game . Learn to catch the ball after bouncing off an object.
Description of the game . The game is played in a group room or hall. Two ordinary tables are moved with their narrow side perpendicular, close to the wall. The child stands at the edge of the table (with his legs slightly bent) against the wall and rolls the ball across the table so that it bounces. After this, he must quickly catch the ball and pass it to a friend.
Methodological techniques. The teacher makes sure that the children roll the ball closer to the center of the table, while raising their hand slightly above the table. The push of the ball when rolling should be strong enough (when swinging, the hand is pulled back and sent forward with a sharp movement, the ball will roll with sufficient speed). When the ball bounces, it is difficult to guess the direction of movement, so the teacher warns the children to prepare to catch the ball and watch its flight. The teacher can offer new game options: throw with one hand - catch with the other hand; one child rolls, the other catches; roll with your left hand.
Ball towards the ball
Purpose of the game . Improve the skills of pushing and catching the ball.
Description of the game . Children are divided into two teams. Each team stands opposite each other at a distance of 4-6m. The drivers have a ball. At the teacher’s signal: “Start!” - children roll the balls towards each other, but so that the balls do not collide. Having caught the ball, the driver passes it to the next one. The team that makes the fewest mistakes wins. The game is repeated 2-3 times.
Methodological techniques. This game is played after children have learned to roll a large ball with both hands. They play independently in a group or on a site and are not divided into teams. The teacher shows how to roll and explains: “Everyone should roll a little to the right, then the balls will not collide,” and varies the game: roll first with the right hand, then with the left; children of one link roll the ball with their right hand, and the other with their left; increase the distance between links.
Hit the ball
Purpose of the game. Hit the ball at a moving target.
Description of the game . Children are divided into subgroups and located on the playground in ranks with their backs to each other. Players in subgroups stand at a distance of arms outstretched to the sides. The driver with a hoop in his hands stands at the end of the line, everyone else playing has a ball. At the teacher’s signal, the hands leading the movement guide (roll) the hoop in front of the formation. The hoop should roll at a distance of 50-80 cm from the children. As soon as the hoop approaches one of the players, he must accurately throw the ball into the hoop. At the teacher’s signal: “Collect the balls!” - the children take their balls and return to their place. At first, the teacher himself appoints drivers from those children who roll the hoop well. The winner is the subgroup that has the most hits with the ball into the rolling hoop and the least number of balls that fall.
Methodological techniques. Before the game, the teacher trains all children in rolling a hoop. If the hoop falls before reaching the very edge, the teacher says: “Push the hoop harder!”, “Place it evenly on the floor.” After playing the game again, you can introduce a complication - two drivers on both sides roll a hoop, you need to hit one of the hoops.
General recommendations for working with preschoolers
Preschool workers can use videos from the Internet to compile teaching materials. At home, children do not always have the opportunity to play in the yard with friends. Therefore, in the summer outdoors, the main burden of teaching children to play sports falls on the shoulders of teachers.
Competently compiling a card index will help maintain the interest of preschoolers, while the program should exclude unsafe games.
Children are interested in practicing with sports equipment during walks, so they need to be allowed to independently feel the peculiarities of the behavior of the playing equipment in motion.
Each child should be covered by the attention of the teacher during classes. Appropriate praise coming from an adult will facilitate effortless performance of the exercises.
Proper alternation of intervals of free play and completing tasks will allow you to select the load and not overtire preschoolers.
Ball games for children 2-3 years old in kindergarten should be aimed at actively developing hand motor skills. It is recommended to develop the habituation to the ball gradually, this will allow you to develop confident movements.
Younger preschoolers better perceive exercises in which actions are accompanied by playful comments coming from the teacher:
- "the ball wants to play with you"
- “Hold the ball tightly so it doesn’t run away.”
You need to talk through what is happening on the site or in the room all the time. Children can get bored with monotony, so the correction of tasks and their change should be under the control of the teacher.
Outdoor games with fitballs for older preschoolers
Outdoor games with fitball for children of senior preschool age. Practical material
Card index of outdoor games with fitball for children of senior preschool age
Author-compiler: Evgenia Vladimirovna Vaganova, physical education instructor at MADOOU No. 21 “Iskorka”, Berdsk This development is designed for children of senior preschool age and is intended for physical education instructors, exercise therapy and educators preschool educational institutions, this development may also be of interest to physical education teachers in primary schools, parents and anyone interested in the problems of children's physical education. The presented card index is practical material for the author’s program “Fitball-gymnastics in preschool educational institutions”; it can also be used in educational activities for physical education, in free activity, and in exercise therapy classes for postural disorders. Goal: Prevention of poor posture in children of senior preschool age 1.HARES AND THE WOLF Objectives: Development of agility, speed-strength qualities, coordination abilities, attention, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: Children - “hares” are jumping on fitballs around the hall, while the teacher says the following words: Hares are jumping: hop, hop, hop On to the green meadow, They pinch the grass, eat, They listen carefully: Is a wolf coming?
The teacher shouts: “Wolf!”
All the hares must quickly hide behind their ball house. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: When performing jumps, do not collide with each other; hide behind the ball by squatting or sitting on your heels. 2. BARMALEY AND DOLLS Objectives: Developing dexterity, coordination abilities, attention, developing the skill of correct posture, increasing emotional tone. Game description: The villain Barmaley wants to catch many dolls for his theater. All children are “dolls” living in their own houses. Namely, they sit on their fitballs, adopting the correct posture. Barmaley walks between the houses. The dolls tease Barmaley, run from house to house with the words: We are funny guys, We love to run and play.
Well, try to catch us. Barmaley's task is to catch the mischievous dolls.
The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: Barmaley is chosen using a counting rhyme; when running away from Barmaley, two people cannot sit on the same ball. 3. THE DRAGON BITES THE TAIL Objectives: Development of dexterity, attention, nurturing a sense of camaraderie, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: Children stand one after another, adopting the correct posture, and hold tightly to the child in front. In the hands of the first child the ball is the “head of the dragon”, the last child is the “tail”. The “head” must catch its “tail” by touching it with the ball. The game is much more interesting if two teams participate in it, that is, “two dragons.” Rules of the game: While moving the “head” to the “tail”, do not break the “dragon’s body”. 4. FIND YOUR BALL Objectives: Development of the vestibular apparatus, dexterity, attention, formation of the skill of correct posture. Description of the game: Two teams play: one sits on the balls, the other stands behind her (both teams take the correct posture). At a signal, sitting children stand up, take 6-8 steps from the ball with their eyes closed, and turn 3 times around their axis. At this time, standing children pass fitballs from hand to hand among themselves. At the signal “Stop!” the children of the first team open their eyes and try to find their ball and sit on it as quickly as possible. The game is repeated 2 or 4 times. Rules of the game: Teams are formed by calculating first, second. 5. PENGUINS ON AN ICE FLOE Objectives: Developing dexterity, attention, coordination abilities, developing the skill of correct posture, increasing the emotional background. Description of the game: Children-"penguins" run freely around the hall. Ice balls are scattered in random order on the floor. A driving child “hunter” is trying to catch the “penguins” and stain them. If the “penguin” has climbed onto the “ice floe”, that is, sits on the ball, taking the correct posture, it is not allowed to catch it. Rules of the game: You can move around the hall without touching the fitballs; you can take up space on any ball. 6. DUCKS AND THE DOG Objectives: Formation of the skill of correct posture, development of speed qualities, attention, increasing emotional tone. Game description: At one end of the hall, children sit on their fitballs, adopting the correct posture. On the opposite side there is a child - a “dog”. At the teacher’s command, the children get up from their fitballs and, imitating ducks, approach the “dog”, which is lying in its kennel. The teacher together with the children says: “You, little dog, don’t bark, don’t scare our ducks. Our white ducks are already timid.” At the same time, the naughty “dog” jumps out and catches up with the ducks, who run away to their balls and sit on them, assuming the correct posture. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: “Dog” is selected using a counting rhyme, running away from the dog, not colliding with other players and taking up space only on his ball. 7. CLOUDS AND THE SUN Objectives: Development of speed and strength qualities, agility, eye, attention and memory; increase in emotional tone. Description of the game: A ball is selected - “sun”, and all other balls are “clouds”. The game is of average mobility, takes place at a calm pace. All the children calmly walk around the hall and roll balls in front of them. The teacher says the following words: “Clouds walked across the sky, catching the red sun.” The children, having taken the basic stance and fixed the correct posture, answer in chorus: “And we will catch the sun, and we will catch the red one.” “Sunny” stops and says: “I’m not afraid of clouds!” I’ll dodge the gray ones!” After these words, the “sun” tries to “roll over the horizon” with his ball; the “clouds” must knock down the “sun” with their balls, pushing the ball along the floor in the direction of the “sun” and not allow it to hide. Rules of the game: You cannot throw the ball while knocking out the “sun”, do not collide with other children while moving around the hall, the “sun” is selected using a counting rhyme. 8. FOX AND JERBOAS Objectives: Development of the vestibular apparatus, speed and strength qualities, to promote the formation of the skill of correct posture; skill of jumping on a fitball, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: One child is selected - a “fox”, whose task is to catch all the other “jerboa” children. The teacher announces: “Day!”, and then all the “jerboas” jump on their balls throughout the room, in different directions. As soon as the command “Night!” sounds — all the “jerboas” freeze, assuming the correct posture. The “fox” goes hunting and can eat anyone who stands crooked or moves. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: “Fox” is selected using a counting rhyme. 9. HERON AND FROGS Objectives: To develop memory, speed-strength qualities, vestibular apparatus, rhythm of movements and the ability to coordinate them with words; promote the formation of the skill of correct posture; skill of jumping on a fitball, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: The teacher tells the children that the hall is a swamp. A “heron” stands to the side. Other children in the group - “frogs” - jump on balls in the swamp and say: We are funny frogs, We are green frogs, We croak loudly in the morning: Kva-kva-kva, Yes, kva, kva, kva!
The “frogs” stop, take the correct posture, freeze and listen carefully to the words of the heron, who walks around the swamp, raising her legs high, and says:
I walk through the swamp, And I grab frogs. I swallow them whole. Here they are, frogs, Green frogs. Watch out, I'm coming, I'll catch you all.
After these words, the “heron” must catch as many jumping frogs as possible.
The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: “Heron” is selected using a counting rhyme; when the “heron” pronounces the words, none of the “frogs” moves. Whoever breaks this rule is also considered a loser and is eliminated from the game. 10. FAST CATERPILLAR Objectives: Development of dexterity, coordination abilities, education of responsibility, sense of team, increasing emotional tone. Game description: Two teams of children play. Each team is a “caterpillar”, where all participants are connected to each other using fitballs, which they hold together with their torsos. On command, the children begin moving the caterpillar towards the finish line. The fastest team that doesn't break the track or drop the ball wins. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: Do not touch the fitball with your hands while moving. 11. FAST FROG Objectives: To develop memory, speed-strength qualities, vestibular apparatus, rhythm of movements and the ability to coordinate them with words; promote the formation of the skill of correct posture; skill of jumping on a fitball. Description of the game. Children, sitting on balls on one side of the hall, perform springy movements and pronounce the words: We are frogs and blackax, The night is blacker than blackax... The grass rustles.
Kwa, kwa, kwa! There are bumps underfoot. There are flowers by the pond. Kwa, kwa, kwa! Well, don't yawn, catch up with the frogs! The players, jumping on the balls, move to the other side of the hall.
The game is repeated 3-4 times. Rules of the game: Perform movements according to the text, observing the rhythm; when pronouncing words, the arms are bent at the elbows at head level, the fingers are wide open, in the words: “Kwa, kwa, kwa!” - actively squeeze your hands; when moving to the other side of the hall, you can overtake each other, observing safety precautions. 12. UNUSUAL STEAM LOGO Objectives: To develop memory, vestibular apparatus, speed and strength qualities, rhythm of movements and the ability to coordinate them with words; promote the formation of the skill of correct posture; consolidation (improvement) of the skill of jumping on a fitball. Description of the game. Children, on command, jump on balls in a column, saying together with the instructor rhythmically, at a certain pace, the following text: I puff, puff, puff, I knock my wheels.
I'm knocking my wheels, I want to give you a ride. Chok, chug, chug, chug, I'll rock you far! Too-too! Chug, chug, chug... The game is repeated 3-4 times.
Rules of the game: Perform movements according to the text, move exactly one after another, when stopping, self-monitor your posture. Game options: a) Move in a straight line or in a detour, b) Move around the hall between objects in a given direction. 13. HOMELESS HARE Objectives: Developing dexterity, attention, strengthening the skill of correct posture, increasing emotional tone, developing the ability to endure failures. Description of the game: Balls are scattered around the hall, one less than the number of players in the hall. All the children: “hares” are running around the hall. At the teacher’s command “Everyone go home!” - children sit on any of the balls, taking the correct posture. A “homeless hare” is the child who did not take the ball. The next game begins with a full complement of children, and the number of balls is reduced by one more, etc. The game is repeated 2-3 times. While running, there may be some background music without words. Rules of the game: While running, do not collide or touch the balls. 14. “STOP, HOP, ONE” Objectives: Development of dexterity, attention, formation of the skill of correct posture. Description of the game: Children walk in a circle one after another, hitting the ball off the floor. At the “Stop” signal, they stop and stand for 3 seconds, then 5, 10 seconds, taking the correct posture. At the “Hop” signal, they move in a leap, holding the ball in front of them, and when “One” sounds, they run around their ball once and continue moving in the original direction. The one who makes a mistake and the one who stands crookedly or moves at the “Stop” signal leaves the game. Rules of the game: While walking in a circle, keep a distance of two steps so as not to bump into each other, run around the fitball without touching it. 15. OPPOSITE MOVEMENTS Objectives: To promote the development of concentration and the formation of the skill of correct posture. Description of the game: In all variants, self-control of posture a) Children stand in two ranks opposite each other, simultaneously performing two opposite movements to the music at the beginning of each measure. One line does a squat for the ball and straightening up on your toes, and the other, on the contrary, does a straightening, raising up on your toes and squatting for the ball. b) Sitting on the balls. One line does a clap over the head and a clap on the thighs, and the other, on the contrary, does a clap on the hips and above the head. 16. TRAPS FOR Smeshariki Objectives: To develop the vestibular apparatus, reaction speed; promote the formation of the skill of correct posture; consolidation (improvement) of the skill of jumping on a fitball; increase in emotional tone. Description of the game. A trap is selected using a counting rhyme. At the teacher’s signal: “One, two, three, catch Smesharikov!” — children jump on the ball in different directions around the hall. A trap without a ball catches children by touching with their hand. The caught children move aside. When 3-4 children are caught, a new trap is selected and the game continues with the participation of all children. Rules of the game: You can jump only after the words “Catch Smesharikov!”; The one who is touched by the trap is considered caught; before words, fixation of correct posture from a position sitting on the ball. 17. HOT BALL Objectives: Formation of a vertical posture in a sitting position, development of balance, coordination of movements, attention. Game description: Children sit in a circle in an i.p. – sit on your heels, taking the correct posture. On command, they begin to pass the fitball from hand to hand clockwise. On the command “Stop!” the ball stops on a player who is eliminated from the game. The game continues until one child remains - the winner. Options: a) At the command of the leader, the direction of passing the fitball changes. b) If there are a large number of players in the game, two fitballs are used. 18. RELAY RACE WITH FITNESS BALLS Objectives: Development of reaction speed, speed of movement, attention, coordination of movements, instilling responsibility and a sense of camaraderie. Description of the game: The game is played in the form of a relay race. At the starting line, all players line up in two columns. On command, the first ones begin to move forward, bouncing the fitball off the floor. They run to the wall (stand), catch the ball, come back, pass it to the next person on the team, stand at the end of the column and take the correct posture. The team that finishes first wins. Variations of the game: a) Dribbling football is carried out with the right hand, on the way back - with the left. b) Each team starts with two people and while moving they pass the fitball (ball) to each other. 19. PUSH - CATCH Objectives: Developing reaction speed, concentration, increasing emotional tone. Game description: Children are distributed in pairs, each pair has a fitball. One sits, the other stands at a distance of 2-3m. The person sitting pushes the ball to his partner, quickly gets up and catches the ball thrown to him. After several repetitions, the children change roles. Rules of the game: Throw the ball at random, but try to get into the hands of a friend. 20. KANGAROO Objectives: Development of agility, speed-strength qualities, coordination abilities, attention, eye, strengthening the skill of correct posture and jumping on a fitball, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: The “trapper” is hiding in ambush, in front of him is a basket with small medicine balls. At the signal: “One - two - three - start the game!” “kangaroo” children jump on balls around the hall in different directions, and the trapper shoots sleeping pills (medicine balls) at them, the one who was hit by the trapper moves to a certain place, sits on the ball, takes the correct posture and falls asleep. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: The trapper is selected using a counting rhyme. The game begins and ends at the instructor's signal. Light background music is possible. 21. BOWLING Objectives: Development of agility, speed-strength qualities, eye, increasing the emotional background. Description of the game: Children stand in a line on one side of the hall, each has a fitball in their hands, opposite each child, there are skittles or any other suitable object at a certain distance. On command, children push the fitball forward along the floor with both hands, trying to knock down their pin. Rules of the game: Everyone pushes the ball at the same time, clearly on command, and everyone also runs after the ball together only on command. Once put in place, the pins will return to their original location. Repeat the exercise 3-4 times. The command for pushing the fitball is accompanied by the words: We must now use the ball to knock down a heavy object. The ball must try, Our fitball is funny. 22. JUMPERS - Merry People. (author's) Objectives: Development of agility, speed-strength qualities, coordination abilities, attention, strengthening the skill of correct posture and jumping on a fitball, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: Children are located throughout the hall with a fitball in their hands at a distance of at least 1.5 m from each other. Fitballs are placed on the floor, and pointing at your ball with your hands, they say the following words: The ball is inflated, the ball is pot-bellied. All the guys love it.
Let's sit on it - it doesn't cry, it just jumps more joyfully. (M.A. Davydova) After these words, the children sit on fitballs and begin to jump around the entire hall in different directions to the accompaniment of music.
As soon as the music ends, the children stop and take a sitting position on the fitball, while maintaining correct posture. If there is no musical accompaniment, then the stop occurs at the instructor’s signal. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: When jumping, do not collide with your comrades. 23. RUNNERS - Merry People. (author's) Objectives: Development of dexterity, coordination abilities, attention, strengthening the skill of correct posture, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: Children say the words: We will deftly run around the ball.
We need to be able to do it so quickly, quickly and easily, so as not to hit the ball. (M.A. Davydova) After these words, the children begin to run around the fitballs.
The game can be played in two versions and is repeated 2 times. Options: a) Children are located throughout the hall at a distance of at least 1.5 m from each other. The fitball is on the floor in front of each player. After the words spoken, the children begin to run around each of their fitball. The run passes under musical accompaniment, when changing musically accompaniment, children change the direction. When the music stops, the children take the position sitting on the ball, while fixing the correct posture. b) Fitballs are located at the same distance from each other around the perimeter of the gym. Children are built in a column, the distance is two steps. After the words spoken, the children begin a light run between the fitballs, while observing the given distance. Running passes under musical accompaniment. After the music is over, the children also take the situation sitting on their fitball. Fixation of the correct posture is required. When repeating the game, children change the direction of movement. Rules of the game: Music ends when the first child is at his fitball. 24. The game is the relay "Kolobok" Tasks: the development of dexterity, coordination abilities, attention, memory, education of the command spirit, an increase in emotional tone. Description of the game: Players are divided into two teams and are built in columns in front of the start line. The captains of the teams have fitballs (Kolobok). In chorus, the children say: our cheerful bun rolled into the meadow.
Who will return it faster, will bring the prize to the team. After these words, the instructor gives the command, and the captains of the teams begin to move:
a) the first participants begin to move forward, rolling the “bun” on the floor, envelop the rack and return back in the same way, pass the “bell” to the next player, and they themselves stand at the end of their columns. When the first players again find themselves ahead and the last player will give them the ball, they lift it up, they show that their team completed the task. b) The first participants raise fitball over their heads and bending back, betray it to the next player. The players of the teams, standing the last, having received the “bun” run forward with him and stand in front of their team. The game continues until the captains are again ahead. 25. Mischievous bunnies (author’s) tasks: development of dexterity, vestibular apparatus, rhythm of movements and the ability to coordinate them with words, attention, consolidation of the skill of proper posture, increasing emotional tone. Description of the game: Children on command jump on balls in the column, pronouncing with the instructor a rhythmically, at a certain pace, the following text: we are hare!
We jump one after another in an even circle. Stop! We sat down. Well, are the backs? The backs are like in the picture. After the word “stand”, the children stop, take the correct posture in a sitting position on the ball.
The game is repeated 2-3 times. Rules of the game: with each repeat of the game, change the direction of movement. Notes: 1. The recommended number of children for classes with fitball is 12 2. Fitball should be the corresponding size. Fitball is selected for each child individually in height so as to provide when planting an angle of 90 ° between the body and thigh, thigh and lower leg, lower leg and foot. The optimal dimensions of the ball: for children 3-4 years old-45cm; for children 5-6 years old-50cm; For children 6-7 years old-55cm. 3. Children should know safety precautions when classes with fitball. 4. Children should know the correct landing on the fitball and be able to correctly go to the fitball with the stomach and back.
We recommend watching:
Lesson notes on physical development. Ball games for children of the first junior group. Exercises with a fitball for older preschoolers Outdoor games for children 4-6 years old Outdoor games to develop dexterity in children 5-7 years old in kindergarten
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Exercise technique
When making throws on the floor (road), first of all you need to pay the guys’ attention to the peculiarities of the movement. Children need to understand the relationship between the force of the throw and the height of the jump.
When practicing throwing at a target, it is important to explain:
- how to take the correct starting position of the body,
- how to perform hand movements,
- the need to monitor the movement of the projectile and the target when throwing.
When throwing with two hands, it will not be superfluous to practice the following technique: the preschooler throws the ball on the floor and then catches it. The force applied to the projectile must be varied.
The exercises are changed only after everyone has completed the required number of approaches. All the guys are definitely involved in the games.
The correct transmission is not mastered immediately. We must strive to ensure that preschoolers follow the movement of the ball with their eyes, press their elbows to their body, and point the projectile at the chest level of another child.
Throwing into the basket also requires some skill. Mastering the correct body position, observing the movement of a projectile, and the ability to aim require a clear explanation and patience from the teacher.
“Ball School”: techniques for working with the ball in different age groups
Lyubov Bondarenko
“Ball School”: techniques for working with the ball in different age groups
Goals:
1. Development of coordination of movements, large, medium and fine motor skills.
2. Development of coordination of vision, motor skills and speech.
3. Creating conditions for the development of individual and collective rhythm in children
The ball is one of the most ancient and beloved toys in the world. Already in antiquity, balls were made of leather and stuffed with something: moss, feathers, fig seeds, hair, sand, etc.
Among ancient people, the ball was often deified, because it was associated with the Sun or Moon, and the arc-shaped trajectory of its flight shone across the sky. Japanese children still welcome spring by carrying small wooden balls outside.
The earliest children's balls in Rus' date back to the 13th century, found during excavations in ancient Novgorod, made from birch bark or rags. There were also soft balls, like pillows, inside which pebbles wrapped in birch bark were sewn. Balls were also cut from burl growths. To impart elasticity, the blank ball was buried in damp soil for one or two weeks, and then resinous.
Why do people love the ball so much? What goals do teachers pursue when organizing ball ?
A child is born with a complex of isolated unconditioned reflexes that do not meet the needs of his mental development without full communication with an adult. At the first stage of its development, the question of the child’s basic trust in the world is resolved. Within communication with an adult, the child develops objective activities that contribute to the formation of an image of the “living”
actions with an object. When a child is in the field of action with an object and is absorbed in it, the adult’s pronunciation merges with the image of the object and forms a single whole with it.
Therefore, the tasks of the entire period of preschool childhood are to create conditions for the child’s active interaction with the objective world. Children's motor skills are objectified, their thinking is visual and figurative . The ball is one of the objects that allows you to solve these problems to the fullest.
In addition, games and tasks with the ball contribute to :
- strengthening the muscles of the shoulder girdle, torso, small muscles of the arms;
- development of large and medium motor skills;
- development of coordination of movements, dexterity, rhythm and accuracy of movements.
Junior preschool age (3-5 years)
There is an active integration into the objective world; children develop eye-foot coordination, then eye-hand coordination. The child actively acts with both hands: he takes a spoon or a pencil in one hand, then in the other - synchronizes the work of the hemispheres . When two hands work (knitting, playing a musical instrument, embroidering), a person becomes more capable. Therefore, all exercises should, if possible, be performed simultaneously with two hands: exercises, rhythm exercises, picking up and throwing a ball, playing with a skipping rope.
The purpose of working with the ball : to acquire your own motor experience, to create conditions for the emergence a “sense of the ball ”
, development of gross motor skills and separation of arms from the body.
Exercises with a ball help the child master his own body and help him orient himself towards himself.
1. Exercises to master the material:
drum the ball slowly at first, then faster;
slap the ball on the sides;
hit the ball on the floor in front of you , on your side, on the other side;
roll a ball down a hill;
Roll the ball over your body while pronouncing your actions;
wipe the ball with a damp cloth or wash it in a basin, etc. etc.
2. Orientation exercises on yourself: press the ball to your chest, to your knees, put your foot on the ball, put the ball on your head, lift the ball above your head, roll the ball around yourself, etc.
3. Exercises to develop gross motor skills and lifting the arms from the body:
roll the ball to the teacher and each other in a sitting and standing position;
roll the ball into the distance and catch it;
sitting in a circle, roll the ball to each other with the words “Masha, catch it.”);
throw and catch a ball from an adult to a child (“say your name”)
;
pass the ball to each other, calling the neighbor’s name (“Masha, on the ball”)
;
hit the ball on the floor (on the ball)
to a simple poem;
throw the ball and catch it (towards the end of the 2nd group )
;
hit the ball on the floor (by the end of the year)
. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the child does not drop the ball on the floor, but hits it on the floor with force.
4. Exercises for orientation in space relative to an object:
go around the ball, stand behind the ball , on the side of the ball (clarification of the meaning of prepositions)
;
hide the ball along the chair, behind the chair...;
knocking down pins standing at a small distance;
throwing the ball into the basket from a distance of 1 - 2 m;
Pass the ball to each other in a circle. When the teacher claps, change direction.
Middle group (4 - 5 years old)
1. Exercises to master the material:
drum on the ball at a signal from an adult’s hand, quieter - louder (hand lowered - quiet, hand higher - the sound is louder, hand up - loud)
;
hit the ball on the floor in front of you , to your right, to your left;
roll the ball over your body while pronouncing your actions;
wipe the ball with a damp cloth or wash it in a basin, etc. etc.
pass 2 balls to each other in different directions . When the teacher claps, we change direction.
2 Orientation exercises on yourself: press the ball to your chest, to your knees, put your foot on the ball, put the ball on your head, lift the ball above your head, roll the ball around yourself, etc.
3. Exercises to develop gross motor skills and “separation” of the arms from the body:
roll the ball to the teacher and each other in a standing position;
sitting in a circle, roll the ball to each other, pronouncing words on the current topic;
throw and catch the ball to each other;
Throw the ball to each other and bounce it off the floor;
pass the ball to each other, reciting rhythmic poems and rhymes from the current topic;
hit the ball on the floor (on the ball)
a poem, a rhyme, words from the current topic;
throw the ball and catch it (increase height)
;
hit the ball on the floor. It is important to ensure that the child does not drop the ball on the floor, but hits it on the floor with force.
4. Exercises for orientation in space relative to an object:
go around the ball, stand behind the ball , on the side of the ball (clarification of the meaning of prepositions)
;
hide the ball along the chair, behind the chair...;
knocking down pins standing at a distance greater than the diameter of the ball ;
throwing the ball into the basket from a distance of 2.5 - 3 m;
Spin the ball like a top, with each hand in turn in different directions .
Senior group (5-6 years old)
Children begin to play in small groups and complete collective tasks. The formation of collective activities requires the performance of work in a single rhythm . A unified rhythm is needed so that when performing a common task, children are in a single semantic space, see and understand each other. To think and reason in a single rhythm means to see and understand the symbols and signs of another. new tasks appear in the older group children to work in small groups and in pairs in a single rhythm and developing eye-speech-hand coordination.
1. Exercise in pairs:
throwing the ball to each other from a distance of 1.5 - 2 m;
hitting the ball on the floor while reciting a poem, adjusting to each other’s rhythm, 2 to 4 people at a time (only those children who can. If the child has not yet moved away from the individual rhythm, then you cannot insist on a general rhythm).
With one ball : one rolls to the other, the second throws through the air; with two balls : one throws the ball low, the other throws it higher.
orientation on a partner: grab the ball with your right hands; hold the ball with your backs and squat down; hold the ball between your stomachs and lean towards the window; grab the ball with your feet and walk forward, etc.
2. Focus on yourself.
who can move the ball under the knee and not drop it;
while sitting on the floor, lift the ball with both feet;
press between your knees and jump, etc.
3. Exercises for a single rhythm:
hitting the ball on the floor (tossing)
to a simple poem
(for each word - a
ball ) ;
Exercise “One for yourself, two for another”
with general pronunciation
(1 - 2
balls ) ;
Teacher (child)
hits
the ball on the floor , children pull out a finger for each hit (the goal is a single rhythm and maintaining multiple)
;
4. Eye-hand coordination exercises;
Toss-catch, toss-slam-catch, toss - slam-catch twice;
Rotate the ball left (right)
left
(right)
hand;
Spin 2 balls at the same time with both hands.
5.Use of exercises with a weightlifter in FEMP classes:
Hit the ball as many times as in a group of windows , cabinets, as many times as I show fingers, etc.
Hit the ball around, reciting the tasks in verse,
Hit the ball in front, left, right.
6. Using ball in speech development classes:
Hit the ball, pronouncing the poem, for each word or according to the rhythm (you cannot use both options in one lesson,
Hit the ball after hearing a given sound in a stream of sounds, syllables, words.
Preparatory group (6 - 7 years old)
.
The task of this period is: the ability to build a common context of activity with peers (joint play, collective drawing, construction)
.
By this period, the child should develop a primary picture of the world and develop his own ideas. Children can make correlations between their own “picture of the world”
and the ideas of peers and adults.
All exercises with the ball become more complicated : the number of balls is added, the requirements for the quality of execution increase
1. Exercises for a single rhythm:
hitting the ball on the floor (tossing)
to a poem, a counting rhyme, a simple saying.
Exercise “One for yourself, two for another”
with general pronunciation
(from 1 to 5 balls)
;
exercises are added, carried out in subgroups of 5 , 6, 7 people, and then as a whole group .
in exercises for a single rhythm, maintain the rhythm with the entire subgroup or group ;
“The sea is agitated once”
with hitting
the ball on the floor ; the sea is agitated “two”
we hit the ball twice, etc.
spin the ball like a top
in place and towards each other.
go kicking the ball. When the teacher claps, the direction of movement changes;
Hitting from 2 to 5 balls in a circle with recitation of stiov, counting rhymes, etc.
Children have balls one at a time. Beat off the mchi in a circle while saying stiov, counting rhymes, etc.
Hit or throw the ball by taking steps to the right (left)
in a circle with recitation of poems, rhymes, etc.
Consistently hitting and tossing the ball in a circle with reciting stipulations, rhymes, etc.
2. Using ball in speech development classes.
Hit the ball, pronouncing the poem, for each word or according to the rhythm (you cannot use both options in one lesson,
Hit the ball after hearing a given sound in a stream of sounds, syllables, words.
3. Use of exercises with a weightlifter in FEMP classes
Hit the ball as many times as in a group of windows , cabinets, as many times as I show fingers, etc.
Hitting the ball around, reciting the task in verse,
Hit the ball in front, left, right;
exercise of the form “One for yourself, two for the other”
, counting to 10 and back, naming the days of the week, months, etc.
4. Exercises with a small medicine ball improve fine motor skills, promote the development of mobility and dexterity of the hands.
throwing a ball from hand to hand;
throwing each other in pairs;
exercise with two balls : throw one and catch it with the other hand, transfer the second from hand to hand;
sitting on the floor, pick up the ball by holding it with your feet
throwing at the target (forming a vision and holding the line)
;
the thrower stands at a distance of 3 - 4 m from the target, and the rest of the children - with their right side to the target, their left - to the thrower and watch the flight of the ball .
Methods of working with children
Individual work is needed with children who were unable to complete the exercises. The development of motor skills occurs most effectively while playing with a ball in kindergarten. Attention to each individual child is an integral part of the correct upbringing process.
Lengthy explanations during play are poorly received by preschoolers, and therefore it is better to use short comments. It is recommended to celebrate achievements and successes in front of the whole group.
Children participating in throwing games should be taught that:
- you need to be careful when fishing,
- do not throw at the head and feet area,
- It’s worth calculating your strength to avoid injuries to other guys.
Interest in games largely depends on the teacher. Criticism and comments should not be presented in a form that will reduce interest in the exercises.
Article “Using the ball in working with preschool children”
1. The importance of ball exercises
Even in ancient times, ball games were not only entertaining, but also therapeutic. The Roman physician Claudius Galen prescribed ball games to his patients as a medicine. The creator of the public preschool education system, Friedrich Froebel, considered the ball to be a means of all-round development of a preschool child. And today the ball should not lose its status as a “childhood companion.” Ball games are not only the development of dexterity, speed, coordination, eye, but also unloading of the nervous system, a lot of joyful emotions and experiences. And for a child to be healthy, it is very important to be happy. The physical education and health area of work is one of the most important and strong aspects of the activities of kindergartens. Each preschool educational institution has the opportunity to choose a comprehensive program, and each teacher - a specialized one.
It should be recognized that at present one of the promising areas for improving the physical education of preschool children is the introduction into practice of children's educational institutions of selected elements of sports training technologies. During preschool childhood, the foundations of health, comprehensive physical fitness and harmonious physical development are laid in the child. Unfortunately, the importance of outdoor games as the main means of a child’s comprehensive development is underestimated. Children usually seek to satisfy their need for movement through games. So, during outdoor games, children improve their movements, develop qualities such as initiative and independence, confidence and perseverance.
Activities with the ball occupy a large place in physical education work and are used by all children in independent games and exercises. Throwing and catching, throwing strengthens the muscles of the shoulder girdle, torso, small muscles of the arms, and contributes to the development of the eye and accuracy. They also require good coordination of movements. Ball games develop dexterity, rhythm and precision of movements. Already at 8-10 months, a child throws an object, releasing it from his hand, pushing the toy away with his brush. The throw can be directed in different ways: down, up, to the side. Having released the object from his hands, the child watches it, looking for the place where it fell in order to take it himself or show it to an adult. For a small child at the beginning of the second year of life, who is unsure of holding himself in an upright position, it is more convenient to throw objects from a sitting position. With the advent of stable walking, throwing from a standing position becomes possible. By making too vigorous a sudden movement, the baby may lose his balance. But under the influence of frequent exercises, the throw is performed more and more confidently, and the ball flies further. Children are happy to roll balls and throw them into a box or basket. These movements do not require a precisely fixed method of execution. The ball can be thrown with less or more effort, in any direction (high, to the side, far). It can be caught in any way convenient for everyone, with one or two hands, immediately or after bouncing off the ground. You can throw large and small balls, cones, snowballs, pebbles, and bags of sand.
After throwing, the actual throwing appears. These movements are different from each other. Throwing in any direction is performed with relatively small movements of the arms, and the torso and legs are almost not involved in the work. That is why throwing to a sitting or unsteadily standing child is possible. Any throwing (far, at a target, in different ways - from above, from the side, from behind the back over the shoulder) is characterized by wide-ranging and active movements of the legs and torso in combination with an equally wide movement of the hand throwing the object.
In the second year of life, rolling a ball plays an important role in the development of the baby's movements. It is most often performed from a sitting position; a large ball is pushed with both hands in a straight direction. The teacher shows that you can perform a variety of actions with the ball, helps the children gain their own motor experience, the ability to handle the ball: hold it in two or one hand, clasping it with your fingers, pushing it away, rolling it, throwing it. It is advisable that adults at home often provide the child with the opportunity to play with the ball. You can hang a large inflatable ball at the height of your child's raised arms and encourage him to push the ball away with both hands at the same time. The teacher groups children in their third year of life into subgroups of three to five and plays with them. The creation of small play subgroups makes it possible to activate all children, to pay attention to each, taking into account his individual motor skills. With a newly admitted child who does not have the skill to handle the ball, the teacher plays more often.
In each age group, balls should be of different sizes - from small (rubber and tennis) to large inflatable ones. Exercises with them teach children to use different grips on the ball without unnecessary stress: grasp a small ball tightly with the fingers of one hand, while when working with a large ball, the fingers of both hands are spread wider. Skating is a useful exercise that helps you master the ball, trains the muscles of your fingers and hands, and teaches you to correctly assess the direction of movement of the ball and the necessary muscle efforts. Kids love to roll the ball down the slide. This movement does not yet require pushing the ball. Then skating is done in any direction, children gradually learn to perform active movements with the fingers of both hands at the same time. A more complex skill is to roll the ball in a certain direction: between the goals, along a narrow path, to each other, in a “snake”. To successfully roll, you should direct the ball forward, trying not to let it deviate to the side; the push should be stronger and more confident. The distance gradually increases - from 1 m in the younger group, to 2 m in the middle group. In the senior and pre-school groups, children roll a weighted medicine ball weighing up to 1 kg. The push should be performed with the fingers of straightened arms, as if accompanying the movement of the ball. Throwing and catching are more complex movements that require an eye. When catching a ball, it is important to correctly assess the direction of its flight, and when throwing, combine the required direction with the force of the throw. Throwing the ball up is useful. It is associated with active straightening, as if pulling for a thrown object, and this exercise, in addition to strengthening the muscles of the shoulder girdle, promotes good posture. Balls should be varied: small rubber or tennis balls with a diameter of 5-6 cm, medium-sized balls with a diameter of 8-12 cm, large balls with a diameter of 18-20 cm. For some exercises and games, inflatable balls are used; older children need volleyballs and medicine balls weighing up to 1 kg.
2.
Mastering the ball - preparing children for sports games in different age groups.
Children of the same age have different levels of development, degrees of emotional and psychological readiness to start school. However, there are a number of qualities common to them. Firstly, there is unsystematic awareness on almost any issue. Today, through all kinds of sources, children are almost forcefully loaded with information. It is worth noting that information is often contradictory, which causes a state of anxiety and uncertainty or indifference in children. The next quality of modern children is the feeling of their “I” in the world, which most often turns into a sense of self-esteem and self-respect, and the consequence of this is more free and independent behavior than in children in past years. Therefore, teaching children in subgroups allows us to find an individual approach to each child, taking into account his personal characteristics. The child’s reserve of motor energy is so great that he independently realizes the need to move naturally during play. “Little children, relying on instinct, regulate both the intensity and time of their motor activity in play. There is no need to stop a child from playing and frolicking - this is inherent in him by nature. I.A. Arshavsky said: “Tomorrow’s intelligence of a child and his today’s lethargy have a direct connection.” The organization of throwing exercises is as follows: to the right (left) of the thrower there are buckets or boxes with an equal number of balls or bags (2-3 in each), which the child takes with his right (left) hand. However, even in this case, some children take the ball correctly, but then transfer it to a hand more accustomed to throwing. This is usually more common in children who can throw confidently and have already identified their “strongest” hand (it can be either right or left). The teacher needs to carefully control the number of throws with each hand. If the majority of children in the group have not mastered throwing with their left hand well, then it is with throwing with their left hand that they should begin training.
During the initial mastery of actions with the ball, a large place is occupied by individual exercises, independent attempts by children to play with the ball: throw it in any direction, use the learned method of throwing - from below, from the side, from the shoulder. First, children learn to throw the ball forward and upward. Children do not always perform this movement with both hands at the same time and do not follow the required direction. For children who find it difficult to throw the ball, the teacher helps: stands behind the child and, holding his hands with the ball, throws the ball down or up with him. Throwing in any direction is accompanied by running after the ball. Gradually, the teacher teaches children to catch a ball that has bounced off the floor or wall. In individual exercises, the child throws the ball to the teacher, who can catch an inaccurately thrown ball, while in the game of two small children, inaccurate throws are frequent, and running after a fallen ball distracts children from the main exercise.
The throw on the ground must be performed vertically downward, maintaining the accuracy of the direction and a certain force of the push. With a weak hit, you have to bend down to catch the ball, and with an overly strong hit, the ball flies up high and is difficult to catch. Success in this exercise largely depends on the condition of the surface, so the teacher organizes throwing the ball down on an asphalt path, a dense flat area, or a veranda.
A ball thrown up or bounced off the ground is caught with both hands with a simultaneous grip from both sides or from below, placing the palms under the flying ball. The fingers are slightly bent, forming a bowl. A ball thrown by a teacher or a peer must be caught without pressing it to the chest, try to meet it with your fingers when catching it, straighten your arms towards the flying ball, and having caught it, bend them and pull the ball to your chest. Older children deftly and easily throw and catch the ball. Therefore, they can be in different positions - sitting, standing, in pairs, in a circle, moving. Older children can combine different movements with playing ball, for example, throwing and catching the ball while crouching, jumping, alternating throwing and catching with running.
Throwing at a target (horizontal and vertical) is performed with rubber or tennis balls, bags of sand, cones, and snowballs. A horizontal target can be a box, a stump, a basket, a vertical target can be a shield with a drawn circle, a hoop, a large ball, a tree, etc. Depending on the nature of the target, the weight and size of the projectile being thrown, the throwing method is chosen. A large ball is thrown into a basket or a hoop lying on the ground with both hands from below, a small ball or cone - with one hand. A small projectile is often thrown at a vertical target with one hand. At the same time, younger children are more willing to use the method of throwing with a bent arm from the shoulder, while older children more often throw from behind the head. The teacher helps young children to take a ball or other object with the indicated hand, sometimes even placing it in the baby’s hand and then directing its movement. Older children must follow instructions exactly with which hand to throw an object.
Throwing into the distance does not require the same precision of the eye as throwing at a target. The children's movements here are more free, sweeping, and energetic. Children, just as when throwing at a target, more often throw an object with a movement of the hand from the shoulder, having first bent the arm and not straightening it when throwing. Often the throw, although sharp, is directed downward, and the object falls close to the child (within 0.5-1 m). Children need to be taught how to throw forward and upward correctly. Along this trajectory, the ball will fly far. Without a visual reference, children have a hard time understanding how to do this. Therefore, the teacher offers to throw the ball over a bush, tree branch, or hangs a rope slightly higher than the child’s raised hand. Younger children are positioned at a distance of 1 m from the rope, older children move further away, about 2-3 m. The teacher himself must correctly show the children the movement in compliance with all the basic requirements of the technique or prepare a child who knows how to throw well for the demonstration.
Throwing into the distance is performed in different ways: from the shoulder, from behind the back over the shoulder with a preliminary swing, from below, from above, from the side. Balls, sandbags, cones, snowballs are thrown into the distance; near the pond, children enthusiastically throw small pebbles into the water “who’s next”; in the forest, in the meadow they use long blades of grass, throwing them like a spear. Soft and small objects - balls, acorns, chestnuts - can be thrown from below with the task “who will throw the highest”. Circles cut out of cardboard are thrown in a sideways manner reminiscent of discus throwing. The teacher must teach older preschoolers how to dribble the ball. Learning this movement should begin after children have mastered the skill of pushing the ball while standing in place with soft, smooth movements of the hand. When dribbling the ball, the child moves forward by walking and then running, bending slightly along the way. The ball is hit so that it bounces at or slightly above the waist. Since the development of a child at different age stages has its own characteristics, exercises for each age group should have their own specifics.
First year of study
: Exercises with balls (performed by imitation of the teacher): pushing away a large ball suspended in a net with both hands; rolling a medium ball to each other while sitting in pairs; rolling a medium ball to the teacher while lying on his stomach; rolling a medium ball against the wall while lying on your stomach; running after the ball thrown by the teacher; throwing the ball into the basket while standing; throwing a small ball into the distance and running after it; throwing a medium ball to the teacher and catching it while sitting, then standing (distance 30 - 40 cm); transferring the ball from the shelf to the basket (distance 3 - 4 m); passing one medium and two small balls to each other in a row while sitting.
Second year of study
: Exercises with balls. Performed by demonstration, with the help of the teacher, and also together with him: passing the ball to each other in a row, sitting on chairs; rolling a medium ball to each other, sitting two by two on the floor; throwing a medium ball from the teacher to the child and back, sitting on chairs (the teacher is standing); throwing a small ball into a basket while standing (distance 50 cm), running after the ball thrown by the teacher, followed by throwing it into the basket; throwing a small ball into the distance and running after it; throwing and catching a medium ball in the palm while sitting on chairs.
Third year of study
: Exercises with balls, with a bag of sand: passing a large ball and two small ones in a circle at the same time;
passing a large ball back to each other while bending over while sitting astride a bench; tossing a medium ball on the palms while sitting (height 20 - 25 cm); throwing a medium ball from the teacher to the child and back while standing (distance 50 - 70 cm); throwing a medium ball against the wall and catching it after the rebound (distance 25 - 30 cm from the wall); throwing a small ball into the distance, running after it, throwing it into the basket; rolling a large ball with your hand while going around the pin (distance 3 - 4 m); throwing a bag of sand at a vertical target - a circle with a diameter of 40 - 50 cm (distance 1.5 m), throwing a bag of sand at a horizontal target - a hoop lying on the floor (distance 1.5 - 2 m), as well as into a basket (distance 50 - 70 cm). Fourth year of study:
Exercises with balls and a bag of sand: throwing and catching a medium ball from the teacher to the child and back, standing in a circle; passing a medium ball to each other by hitting the floor, standing in groups of two (distance up to 1 m); throwing a medium ball against the wall and catching it after the rebound (distance 60 - 70m); passing a large ball backwards while bending over while sitting astride a bench; throwing a medium ball on the floor and catching it after rebounding from the IP. standing, feet shoulder-width apart; hitting a medium ball on the floor with one hand, standing still, etc. feet shoulder width apart; throwing a small ball or a bag of sand into the distance; throwing a small ball or a bag of sand at a vertical target with the right and left hands (distance 2 m, circle diameter 40 - -50 cm, height 1 - 1.5 m); throwing a bag of sand at a horizontal target - a basket, a hoop (distance 1.5 - 2 m).
3. Methods of teaching exercises with the ball.
In order to develop coordination of movements in preschoolers, special exercises must be systematically included in the preparatory part of the lesson. It is recommended to use no more than five exercises in each session. Lying on your back, the ball behind your head, throw the ball up in front of you and catch it. Transfer the ball from hand to hand around the body in both directions, without touching the body. The ball is in your hands behind your back. Throw the ball over your head and catch it in front. Throw the ball with one hand from behind your back over your shoulder and catch it with both hands, one hand. Stand on one leg, raise the other forward, throw the ball under your leg from the outside up and catch it. Dribble the ball with one hand (right or left), hitting the floor after 1, 2, 3 steps. From the stance, legs apart, lean forward, throw the ball back - up, turn in a circle, straighten up and catch the ball.
Throw the ball forward and upward in front of you, catch it and catch it before it hits the floor. Lying on your stomach, the ball on the court near your head, throw the ball to the side - back. Throw the ball up, sit on the floor, stand up and catch it; throw the ball up, turn around and catch it, throw the ball up, sit down and catch it while sitting, from the seat again throw the ball up and catch it while standing. Jump over obstacles (for example, over a gymnastics bench), hitting the ball on the floor or throwing and catching it. The student has two balls. One to dribble, the other to throw the ball up and catch it without stopping dribbling. Throw the ball along a corridor 50 or 100 cm wide as far as possible (if the ball goes outside the corridor, the throw does not count). Dribble the ball around obstacles on the right and left. Throw the ball, trying to hit the center of the circle drawn on the floor. The diameter of the circle is from 30 to 100 cm. The conditions for performing the exercise are different. So, for example, you need to quickly score 15 points from the throw lines. The first line is drawn at a distance of 3 m, the second - 4 m and the third - 5 m from the circle. You are allowed to make 3 throws from each line. For each hit, 1 point is given. Roll the ball along the floor and catch it behind the line (8-10 m line). Perform a somersault on the mat and rush after the ball thrown forward and upward by your partner. Catch the ball after acceleration and dribble it around obstacles to the right or left. Then throw the ball forward and up, jump over the bench, catch the ball and catch it before it touches the floor.
The same, throwing the ball low above the mat, perform a somersault during its flight.
Lie on your back with the ball in your hands. At the signal, jump up, jump over the bench with a run of 3-4 m, climb over the gymnastic beam, perform a 5-8 m dash, climb onto the gymnastic wall, touch the top bar with your hand, jump and make the final dash to the finish line. Toss and catch two balls at the same time. Bibliography
1. Balsevich, V.K. The concept of alternative forms of organizing physical education for children and youth / V.K. Balsevich // Physical culture: education, training. - 1996. - No. 1. - P. 23-25
2. Vavilova E.N. Learn to run, jump, climb, throw. – M., 1983.
3. Movement. / Comp. Zhdanova S.I. – M.: Education, 2004. – 176 p.
4. Dvorkina N.I. Innovative directions for improving the system of physical education of preschool children // Modern problems of physical education, valeology and healthy lifestyle. — Kropotkin, 2000
Games for older preschoolers
Ball games in the courtyard of a kindergarten for children 6-7 years old should be studied by teachers and entered into a file cabinet. The necessary equipment will not be difficult to find in the play area or to make during classes at the preschool educational institution. If the weather allows you to go out into the yard, then ball games for preschoolers are very interesting and educational.
“Ball, fly!”
Goal: ability to jump high and fast.
- Participants stand in a circle. The teacher chooses a driver who stands in the center and gives him a wand. Children are kept at a distance of 80 cm from each other.
- Each child is given 5 rubber bands that they can put on their hand.
- The players throw the ball to each other. The driver tries to touch him with a stick. The round lasts approximately 2 minutes.
- If the driver touches, then the player who threw the ball gives 1 rubber band to the driver and stands in the center instead of him.
- The number of rounds corresponds to the number of participants. The player who collected the most rubber bands wins.
Peculiarities:
- children throw the projectile to each other as quickly as possible; when catching, players can move;
- touching the projectile while it is in the participant’s hands does not count;
- the number of rubber bands can be more than five.
“Fun Races”
Ball relay races for preschoolers foster a healthy spirit of competition. There are many variations of the rules, depending on the number of participants and their wishes.
Goal: improve agility.
- Children are divided into 2 teams with the same number of players and stand in 2 ranks one after another.
- At the signal, the children begin to pass the ball to each other from the one in front to the one on the other side and back. The projectile is alternately passed over the right and left shoulders. That is, if one child passed through the right, then the next one after him passes through the left.
- The team that returns the projectile to the first player first wins.
Peculiarities:
- teams start the game at the same time;
- The sequence of turns over the left and right shoulders during the relay must be strictly observed.
“The watchman never sleeps”
Goal: development of mindfulness.
- The teacher draws a circle with a diameter of approximately 7 m if there are 10-12 players.
- In the center of the circle you need to build a town with gates located in a circle.
- Participants are divided into teams of Watchmen and Mice. Each mouse is given 1 small ball. Each gate has its own Watchman. The mice stand along the line of the circle.
- The task of the mice is to send a projectile with their feet so that it hits the gate. The Guardians' task is to hit the ball so that it flies out of the circle.
- The Mouse who missed his projectile beyond the circle line and the Watchman who missed his goal are eliminated.
- The team with the most members left at the end of the game wins.
Feature: the guard can only kick.
"Mini football"
The game is played outdoors and will appeal even to teenagers aged 10-12 years. Playing a variation of football outdoors will require the creation of two teams of players. In the future, with regular training, the children will become virtuoso dribblers. Acquired agility and speed will allow you to feel confident in football competitions.
- Assemble 2 teams of six people.
- Build a gate from cubes or other suitable equipment.
- The guys score goals against each other and play without grabbing their opponents' clothes or hands.
- During one game you can take breaks of 6-7 minutes.
- The team that scores the most goals wins.
Features: The rules can be changed before the start of each game, but not after the start.
Indoor ball games for children 6-7 years old should be suitable for limited space and accompanied by music. If the year turns out to be cold and rainy, then the opportunity to go out into the garden courtyard will not come often.
A good card index includes outdoor games with elements:
- throwing a projectile into a basket,
- passing the ball to a small circle of participants.
Exercises with a ball. physical education card file (senior group) on the topic
Ball exercises
I. p. (starting position). O. s. (main stand). Ball in one hand.
1. Hands forward, show the ball, move your hands back - down, hide the ball.
2. Stretch your arms forward, transfer the ball from your right hand to your left, from your left to your right.
3. Transfer the ball below in front of you from one hand to the other and vice versa.
4. Hands to the sides at shoulder level, bring them together, stretching them forward, transfer the ball alternately from hand to hand.
5. Raise your arms above your head and pass the ball.
6. Extend your arms forward at shoulder level. Raise them forward and up above your head and pass the ball.
7. Rising on your toes, spread your arms upward, take the ball with both hands, look up, lower your arms down through your sides, the ball remains in the other hand.
8. Place your foot on your toes forward (backwards, to the left, to the right), raise your arms forward and up, lower them, hide your hands back, transfer the ball to the other hand.
9. In pairs, one step apart, one has the ball in his right hand, the other in his left. Stretch your arms forward, pass the ball to your partner with your right hand to your right (left to your left).
10. Raise your arms to the sides, lower them forward and down through the sides, transfer the ball, raise them to the sides, lower them back and down, transfer them to the same hand again.
11. Complete all exercises, but only with two balls.
12. Do the exercises at a fast pace.
13. Transfer the ball from one hand to the other several times in a row.
14. Transfer two balls from one hand to the other at a slow and fast pace.
15. Shift the ball, alternately lifting the right (left) leg, bent at the knee or straight.
16. Lean forward, put the ball on the floor, straighten up, lean forward, pick up the ball with the other hand.
17. Hands to the sides, each holding a ball. Squat down, put the balls on the side. Turn around, take the balls, stand up.
These exercises help develop the muscles of the shoulder girdle, develop attention and dexterity.
Tossing exercises
I. p.: o. With. Ball in one hand.
1. Throw the ball up, catch it with both hands (12-15 children perform it at the same time); catch with your right hand; catch with your left hand.
2. Throw the ball on the floor, clap your hands, catch it with both hands.
3. Throw the ball high up, let it hit the floor, catch it with both hands; alternately right and left; catch after turning around.
4. Hit the ball against the wall, catch it with both hands; Before catching the ball, jump on one or both legs.
5. Throw the ball against the wall, after bouncing off the floor, catch it with both hands; one hand at a time.
6. Hit the ball on the floor so that it touches the wall and catch it.
7. Hit the ball on the floor, let it touch the floor again and catch it.
8. Dribble the ball with one hand, like a basketball: in place; squatting; standing; with moving forward; bypassing objects.
These exercises develop a sense of the ball, coordinate movements, develop dexterity, and serve as the first step to further mastery of more complex games.
General developmental exercises with a large ball.
1. I.p.: o.s., ball in both hands below. 1-2 – lift the ball up, rising on your toes; 3-4 – I.p. (6-7 times).
2. I.p.: standing on your knees, the ball in both hands in front of you. 1-4 – roll the ball around you to the right; 5-8 – left (6 times).
3. IP: sitting legs apart, ball in bent arms in front of you. 1-2 – bend over, roll the ball from one foot to the other; 3-4–I.p. (6 times).
4. I.p.: lying on your back, legs straight, ball in both hands behind your head. 1-2 – raise your right leg bent at the knee, touch the ball; 3-4 – I.p. The same with the left foot (6 times).
5. I.p.: o.s., ball in bent arms in front of you. Throw the ball up randomly and catch it with both hands (5 times), then pause and repeat again.
6. I.p.: o.s., ball in bent hands. 1 – sit down, bring the ball forward, arms straight; 2 – I.p. (6 times).
7. I.p.: o.s., ball on the floor, hands on the belt. 1-8 – jumping around the ball on two legs (3-4 times).
What balls are suitable
Preschoolers need lighter balls than those used for ball games for teenagers. Familiarity with sports equipment should begin at an early age.
At 2-3 years old it will be useful to use a small massage ball. The manufacturing technology of equipment for babies eliminates the possibility of separating small parts that can be inhaled or swallowed.
For children 3-4 years old, large and small, but very light, inflatable balls are suitable. The impact of such a ball on a child should be practically not felt. This recommendation also applies to children 4-5 years old.
Children a little older (5-6 years old) can be given heavier inflatable balls that meet all safety requirements.
Fitball - gymnastics for preschoolers
PROGRAM for a physical education instructor for implementation in preschool settings
Explanatory note
Disappointing statistics on the deterioration of children's health poses the task of preschool organizations to search for new forms of physical education and health activities aimed at strengthening and preserving the health of pupils. In physical education classes, much attention is paid to the formation of correct posture, improvement of coordination of movements, development of activity, endurance, and flexibility. Gymnastics using a “Fitball” ball (“fit” - health improvement, “ball” - ball) opens up the opportunity in a playful way to form correct posture, strengthen the muscle corset, develop the musculoskeletal system,
develop coordination of movements, develop the vestibular apparatus, stimulate the balance function, adapt the body to stress, improve blood circulation, improve metabolism, and gain a positive emotional mood. The introduction of fitball-gymnastics fits quite easily into the educational process of preschool educational institutions. The main form of work is physical education and sports entertainment. Fitball gymnastics is based on general developmental exercises. Physical education classes with fitball are conducted in the traditional form in parts: preparatory, main and final.
SEE ALSO Summary of a lesson with fitballs in the preparatory group
The preparatory part includes walking around the balls, “snake” between the balls, running around the balls, one after another, holding the ball by the “horns” on the back. Springy rocking ensures alignment of the back, stimulates coordinated activation of the spinal muscles; train the correct installation of the center of gravity with a dynamic basis in supporting the torso.
In the main part of the lesson, i.p. are used. - lying on your stomach on the ball, lying on the floor with the ball under your feet, jumping on the ball moving forward, rolling on your stomach on the ball. Exercises performed in these i.p. allow you to develop and gradually increase muscle strength endurance and coordination of movements; strengthen the body's nonspecific defenses.
The final part consists of walking around balls and performing exercises. — sitting on a ball, accompanied by slow music for relaxation and restoration of breathing.
The program provides:
1. Health-improving effects of Fitball-gymnastics on children’s bodies 2. Continuity in solving problems with the educational program of preschool educational institutions 3. Creation of conditions for Fitball-gymnastics
Goal of the program: Development of physical qualities and strengthening the health of children.
Program objectives:
1. Wellness:
- promoting children's health
- prevention of postural disorders
- increasing the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors
2. Educational:
- expansion of the child’s motor sphere
3. Educational:
- nurturing interest and need for daily physical exercise
- establishing the foundations of a healthy lifestyle
Material support:
- gym
- fitballs for a group of children: you will need fitballs of different diameters from 30 to 40 cm with “pimples” that create a massage effect and allow the child to stay on the ball, as well as with horns or handles that children will hold on to while doing exercises
- laptop Some exercises are performed with musical accompaniment; older children are shown a video of the exercises being performed
Program content
Acquaintance with fitball begins with the 2nd junior group, children are given an idea of the properties of the ball in a playful way, are invited to play with the ball, how children react to the ball is observed, exercises “Capture”, “Chair”, “Catch up with the ball” are shown, children can perform some exercises under the supervision of a physical education instructor. In the middle group, children perform “Spring”, exercises: “Let’s swing”, “Jolly legs”, in older preschool age fitballs are used in relay races.
The duration of one lesson in the junior group is 15 minutes, in the middle group - 20 minutes, in the senior group - 25 minutes, in the preparatory group - 30 minutes.
Number of classes: one lesson per month in terms of direct educational activities in physical education + 1 sports leisure per year using fitballs
Methodology.
The effectiveness of fitball gymnastics depends on the correct selection of teaching methods and techniques. When teaching physical exercises on a fitball, it is used
- demonstration when introducing children to new movements (the movement is demonstrated several times)
- imitation, the technique of imitating the actions of animals or phenomena of nature and social life, is very helpful in teaching children physical exercise. Imitating, for example, the actions of a bunny, children get into character and jump on fitballs with great pleasure. The positive emotions that arise in this case encourage you to repeat the same movement many times, help consolidate a motor skill, improve its quality, and develop endurance.
- verbal techniques, because many physical exercises have conventional names that reflect the nature of the movement, for example: “Boxer”, “Roll”, older children can perform them without being accompanied by a demonstration
- visual techniques using aids to clarify the construction in the form of a diagram, photograph, video clip
- visual cues that help children clarify directions of movement and diversify their activities
- Sound landmarks are used to master the rhythm and regulate the tempo of movements on the fitball, and also as a signal for the beginning and end of an action, for emotional uplift. Musical accompaniment, drumming, clapping, etc. are used as sound cues.
- The plot story is used to arouse children’s interest in activities and the desire to become familiar with the technique of performing them. For example, the teacher tells the fairy tale “Kolobok”, and the children do the corresponding exercises
- conversation helps to find out the interests of children, helps to clarify, expand, generalize knowledge and ideas about the technique of physical exercises on a fitball
- individual assistance is used to clarify the fit on the fitball, to create the correct muscle sensations, create confidence, success
In order to consolidate motor skills, exercises on fitball are carried out in game and competitive forms. As a result, a special physiological and emotional background arises, enhancing the impact of exercise on the body, promoting the manifestation of maximum functionality and mental strength. At the same time, higher demands are placed on physical and moral-volitional qualities: determination, honesty, nobility.
Long-term plan for teaching fitball exercises
1 year of study
Equipment:
Fitballs according to the number of children Laptop for playing music
Lesson No. 1 (September)
Objectives: To attract children's interest in fitball, to give ideas about the shape and physical properties of fitball.
Optional equipment:
Gymnastic board length. 2.5 m, wide. 25 cm.
Progress of the lesson:
There is a fitball in the center of the hall, children enter the gym, form a circle, and the physical education instructor points to the ball:
I have a big ball. This ball doesn’t bounce on its own, but I can jump on it for a long time.
Sits on the ball, swings in place
Do you like children ball? Let's play with him.
To the musical accompaniment of E. Zheleznov “Pass the ball.” children pass the ball around the circle, then the ball returns to the center.
Instructor: You met the ball, it’s called a fitball, what kind of ball?
Large, round - spreads his arms to the sides, outlining a large circle, children repeat;
It has air inside, it can be pumped up - bending forward “Pump”;
Soft, rubbery, you can swing on it - the spring is in place, the farts are behind your back;
Elastic, you can jump on it - jumping on two legs in place, hands on the belt.
The ball has horns, they are comfortable to hold on to, and you can also imagine that it is a goat with horns and he wants to play with you.
Children turn to the physical education instructor and perform the following movements to the song “Kozlik” performed by the children’s folk ensemble “Dobryashki”: walking alternating with jumps, walking on a gymnastic board, jumping over a line
Instructor: We had a lot of fun, and now we can work hard, he draws the children’s attention to the fitballs that lie against one wall of the gym. Help me roll the fitballs to the other side of the hall.
The game “Ride the fitball” is being played
Children choose a fitball and roll it with both hands in a straight line.
Instructor: Praises the children, offers to stroke the Fitball and press it with their hands. We've done a good job, we need to rest. Walking behind the instructor around the room, forming a circle.
Instructor: Did you like playing with the fitball? What do you tell your mom about the big ball?
Children's answers.
Lesson No. 2 (October)
Objectives: To consolidate children’s understanding of the shape and physical properties of fitball. Give the idea that you can perform exercises with a fitball. Teach the approach to the fitball, take the basic position to perform the exercises.
Fitballs lie in two rows in the center of the gym, growing. between balls 60 cm, between rows 1.5 m.
Progress of the lesson
Children enter the hall one after another and line up along the landmarks on one side of the hall.
Instructor: We have big balls again, who can remember what they are called.
Children's answers. If the children name the ball, the instructor praises them; if they find it difficult, he reminds them that this is a Fitball, a training ball. Let's start our workout with walking and then play with balls. To the musical accompaniment of “race walking”, children turn around and follow the instructor. Walking is normal, on their toes, holding their hands up, in a snake between the fitballs, scattered between the fitballs, formation at the fitballs. Crawling on all fours around your exercise balls. Exercise with a fitball to the musical accompaniment of “Crane”
“Squats” (training) IP: standing facing the ball, hands free; on the count of 1-2, sit down, put both hands on the fitball, spread your knees to the sides, keep your back straight; at 3-4 stand, leaning on the ball, hands freely - repeat 3 times, after which, at a signal, the children run scattered between the fitballs, at the next signal they run up to their fitballs and repeat the exercise 3 more times.
Outdoor game “Who will throw the fitball further”
From a standing position in a line, children raise the fitball up with both hands, on the command “Throw”, throw the ball forward, see whose ball flew further, on the command “Take”, take the ball, return to their place.
Children take the balls by the horns, hold them behind their backs, walk around the hall one after another, take the balls to their place, and line up in a circle.
Instructor: Today we played different games with a fitball, which games did you like? What is the name of the ball, is the ball heavy or light? What will you tell your parents about our lesson?
Lesson No. 3 (November)
Objectives: To consolidate children’s understanding of the shape and physical properties of fitball. Teach basic positions when performing exercises with a fitball.
Fitballs lie on one side of the hall
Progress of the lesson.
To the musical accompaniment of “race walking,” children enter the hall and perform various types of walking: regular walking, walking on toes, walking with high knees, diagonally behind the instructor. Take fitballs and line up in a circle. Exercise “Pass the ball”: children pass the ball to each other in a circle in one direction and the other. Performed to the musical accompaniment of E. Zheleznov “Pass the ball.”
“Squats” (fastening) IP: standing facing the ball, hands free; on the count of 1-2, sit down, put both hands on the fitball, spread your knees to the sides, keep your back straight; at 3-4 stand, leaning on the ball, hands freely - repeat 3 times, after which, at a signal, the children run scattered between the fitballs, at the next signal they run up to their fitballs and perform the exercise “Capture” (training), etc. kneeling facing the fitball, hands on the fitball; on the count of 1-2, lower yourself onto your heels, press the fitball to your knees with your hands; on the count of 3-4, return to IP. - repeat 3-4 times, stand on your feet, jump around your fitball, repeat the “Grab” exercise 2 times.
Outdoor game
“Crane” exercise with a fitball accompanied by music “Crane”
Children take the fitballs to their place, breathing exercises “Pump” are performed (inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth) “Let’s pump up the fitball.”
Instructor: Who will tell you what kind of fitball it is (big, round, elastic, has air inside, rubber). How many of you have a fitball at home? How do you play with it?
Lesson No. 4 (December)
Objectives: To reinforce the concept that you can perform exercises with a fitball. Teach the approach to the fitball, take the basic position to perform exercises from the starting position lying on the floor
Optional equipment:
Two gymnastic benches
Fitballs lie in two rows in the center of the gym, growing. between balls 60 cm, between rows 1.5 m.
Progress of the lesson
Children enter the gym and line up near the fitballs. Walking in all directions between fitballs, running in all directions between fitballs, game exercise, “Take a seat”, at the instructor’s signal, children quickly stop near the fitball - 2 times
Stand near the fitball, set of exercises “Clap with us” to the musical accompaniment of “Fun exercises”
“Squats” (repetition) IP: standing facing the ball, hands free; on the count of 1-2, sit down, put both hands on the fitball, spread your knees to the sides, keep your back straight; at 3-4 stand, leaning on the ball, hands freely - repeat 3-4 times, after which, at a signal, the children run scattered between the fitballs, at the next signal they run up to their fitballs and perform the exercise
“Capture” (fastening) etc. kneeling facing the fitball, hands on the fitball; on the count of 1-2, lower yourself onto your heels, press the fitball to your knees with your hands; on the count of 3-4, return to IP. - repeat 3-4 times, after which, at a signal, children run scattered between the fitballs, at the next signal they run up to their fitballs and perform the exercise
“Gorka” (training) IP: lying on your back, on the floor, hands free; on the count of 1-2, place your straight legs on the fitball; on a count of 3-4, lower your legs to the floor through the sides, repeat 3 times at an individual pace.
Game exercise “Roll the ball”: children roll a fitball on a gymnastics bench in a continuous manner. After rolling the balls, the children leave them on one side of the gym and line up on the other side of the gym.
Outdoor game “Who can reach the fitball faster” - crawling on all fours
The instructor praises the children and asks them to form a circle, walking in a circle holding hands.
Instructor:
We take a round ball, go play football, drive around the court and score a goal with it. We also have a ball, spiky and big. Children like to play with it. It’s called Fitball.
Instructor: Do you like to do exercises with a fitball, which exercises did you like best? You are doing well, you are great.
Lesson No. 5 (January)
Objectives: Continue to teach children to take the basic position for performing exercises from the starting position lying on the floor, introduce new exercises
Equipment:
Big hoop
Fitballs lie along the walls of the gym, growing. 1 m between them.
Progress of the lesson.
Forming in a circle, walking in a circle as usual, on toes, with high knees, running as usual, on toes, formation in a circle. Instructor:
Today we are going to have fun exercises with a big ball, what is it called?
Children: Fitball!
Exercise “Pass the ball” to musical accompaniment.
Game "Take a seat" Children run scattered around the hall, stopping near the fitballs (facing the fitball, the fitball rests against the wall)
“Steps” (training) etc. lying on the floor on your back, put your feet on the fitball, take small steps up and down the fitball, perform at your own pace
“Capture” (repetition) etc. kneeling facing the fitball, hands on the fitball; on the count of 1-2, lower yourself onto your heels, press the fitball to your knees with your hands; on the count of 3-4, return to IP. - repeat 3-4 times, after which, at a signal, the children run scattered between the fitballs, at the next signal they run up to their fitballs and perform the next exercise
“Slide” (fastening) IP: lying on your back, on the floor, hands free; on the count of 1-2, place your straight legs on the fitball; on a count of 3-4, lower your legs to the floor through the sides, repeat 3 times at an individual pace.
“Shocked the ball” (training) etc. lying on your back, legs on the fitball, arms along the body, swing the fitball with your legs left and right in any form
“Clamp” (training) IP: lying on the floor on your back, straight legs on a fitball, arms along the body; at a slow pace, lower your legs to the floor from the sides, squeeze the ball with your feet, try to lift it with your feet.
Children take the ball by the horns and line up in a circle.
Exercise with a fitball to the musical accompaniment of “Crane”
The outdoor game “Get into the Hoop”, children throw the ball into a large hoop in a continuous manner, follow the ball themselves into the hoop, and catch up with the ball.
Children take the balls by the horns, hold them behind their backs, walk around the hall one after another, carry the balls to their place, and line up in scattered formations.
Instructor: What did you like during the lesson, who practices with fitball at home, what do you like about playing with fitball.
Lesson No. 6 (February)
Goal: To consolidate the skills of performing exercises with a fitball while lying on the floor, to teach how to take a lying position on a fitball.
Fitballs lie in a circle in the center of the gym. Children enter the gym and line up in a circle. Walking with changing tasks behind the physical education instructor, to the song “Goat” performed by the children’s folk ensemble “Dobryashki”.
Stand near the fitball, set of exercises “Clap with us” to the musical accompaniment of “Fun exercises”
"Capture" etc. kneeling facing the fitball, hands on the fitball; on the count of 1-2, lower yourself onto your heels, press the fitball to your knees with your hands; on the count of 3-4, return to IP. - repeat 3-4 times, after which, at a signal, the children run scattered between the fitballs, and at the next signal they run up to their fitballs.
The following three exercises are combined into one
“Slide” (fastening) IP: lying on your back, on the floor, hands free; on the count of 1-2, place your straight legs on the fitball; on a count of 3-4, lower your legs to the floor through the sides, repeat 3 times at an individual pace. “Shocked the ball” (training) etc. lying on your back, legs on the fitball, arms along the body, swing the fitball with your legs right and left in any form “Clamp” (training) etc.: lying on the floor on your back, straight legs on the fitball, arms along the torso; at a slow pace, lower your legs to the floor from the sides, squeeze the ball with your feet, try to lift it with your feet.
The instructor praises the children and tells them that you can lie down on a fitball, would you like to try it? Don't rush anywhere, you can fall off the ball, watch how I do it. Shows. He invites daredevils to try on their own; he works with the rest individually; it is important that the children are not afraid. The exercise is performed at an individual pace, in a good mood, the instructor encourages the children. Children lie down on the ball, after a while they get up and lie down again; those who confidently stand on the ball can sway.
Outdoor game
“Kick the ball!” - pushing the ball with the back of the foot to the indicated place.
Children take the balls by the horns, hold them behind their backs, walk around the hall one after another, carry the balls to their place, and line up in scattered formations.
Instructor: Did you like lying on your back, is it easy to hold on to the fitball while lying down, can you lie on the fitball and sway. What will you tell your parents about this evening? What is the name of the exercise ball?
Lesson No. 7 (March)
Goal: To consolidate the ability to take a lying position on a fitball. Learn to perform rocking movements while lying on a fitball on your stomach.
Progress of the lesson
Fitballs lie in two rows in the center of the gym, growing. between balls 60 cm, between rows 1.5 m.
Children enter the hall one after another and line up near the Fitballs.
Instructor: We have big balls again, who can remember what they are called. Walking randomly between the balls, observing the condition of not moving the balls from their place. Walking is performed to the musical accompaniment of “race walking”
Children stop at the fitballs and perform the “Crane” exercise to the accompaniment of music.
“Lay down”: lie down on the fitball with your stomach, hold on, at an individual pace. “Swing” while lying on a fitball, perform swaying while supporting your legs, use your hands to maintain balance
Take the fitballs, line up in a line, play “Who’s Next” and roll the fitball with your hands from a standing position forward 2 times.
Children take the balls by the horns, hold them behind their backs, walk around the hall one after another, take the balls to their place, and line up.
The instructor invites the children to share their impressions of the new exercise.
Lesson No. 8 (April)
Goal: To consolidate the ability to take a position lying on a fitball, perform rocking while lying on a fitball on your stomach. Learn to sit on a fitball against the wall.
Fitballs lie along the walls of the gym, growing. 1 m between them.
Progress of the lesson
Form a column one at a time. Walking in a column, one at a time, is normal, on toes, with high knees, with a transition to running, normal running, on toes. Formation in a circle.
A set of exercises “Clap with us” to the musical accompaniment of “Fun exercises” Running in all directions, lining up near the fitballs (against the wall)
“Chair” (training) children are invited to try to sit on a fitball against a solid support, their feet are pressed to the floor, standing parallel to each other) Each child is provided with individual assistance. The exercise is performed slowly; those who confidently sit on the fitball can swing.
Children are invited to take a fitball, move away from the wall, and perform the exercise lying on the fitball: “Lie down”, “Swing”
Game exercise with fitball accompanied by musical accompaniment “Crane”
Instructor:
The ball is made of rubber. If you press it, it takes off like a spring, we have fun playing with it
Outdoor game “Throw, catch up”, children throw the ball forward, catch up with it and throw it again
Leave the balls on the floor. Walking between fitballs. Low mobility game “Find your fitball and take it to its place”
The instructor praises the children, what have we learned today, it’s hard to sit on a fitball, what can you tell us about our lesson at home?
Lesson No. 9 (May)
Goal: performance diagnostics
Criteria for evaluation
High level Confidently approaches the fitball, independently maintains balance while lying on the fitball, acts according to the instructions of the instructor.
Intermediate level Confidently approaches the fitball, with the help of the instructor lies down on the fitball, tries to maintain balance, acts as directed by the instructor at a general pace.
Low level Does not approach the fitball with confidence, performs exercises with tension even with the instructor’s safety net, does not maintain balance on the fitball, and needs additional individual work.
Games and exercises with a ball as a means of developing manual dexterity in preschoolers
Message
from work experience
Games and exercises with the ball
as a means of developing manual dexterity
in preschoolers
within the framework of a regional seminar
“Increasing the effectiveness of physical education and health work with preschool children
through the use of ball games"
Physical education instructor
MBDOU No. 19 “Cheburashka”
Kovdor, 2012
Working with children, I determined that the most effective form of physical development and education of a preschooler is the use of games and play exercises with a ball.
Ball games have been known since ancient times. Games and exercises with various balls (small, large, medicine balls and others) are dynamic and emotional, promote the development of large and small muscles, solve aesthetic problems, corrective work, cultivate positive moral and volitional qualities, improve the skills of basic types of movements, develop communication skills , physical qualities: strength, speed, agility, jumping ability. Games and exercises with the ball develop accuracy, consistency, rhythm, dexterity, accuracy, eye, harmony, expressiveness of movements, spatial orientation, strengthen muscle strength, strengthen the work of the most important organs of the lungs and heart, improve metabolism, cultivate endurance, collectivism, patriotism, honesty , justice, mutual understanding, discipline, ability to reckon with others.
Dexterity is a complexly coordinated quality; a child needs it to successfully use motor experience.
Indicators of agility include the following factors: the ability to learn quickly; use motor experience; quickly respond to changing situations, for example, in outdoor games, perform motor actions in a coordinated manner.
Exercises with a ball are an effective means of developing dexterity, including manual dexterity. Exercises with balls develop not only large, but also small muscles of both hands, increase the mobility of the joints of the fingers and hands, which is especially important for children 5-7 years old who are preparing to study at school.
When teaching children to play with a ball, I identified the following tasks:
1. Formation of a sustainable interest in games with elements of sports, sports exercises with a ball, and the desire to use them in independent motor activities.
2. Enriching the motor experience of preschoolers with new motor actions, teaching the correct technique for performing elements of sports games with a ball.
3. Promoting the development of motor abilities.
4. Nurturing positive moral and volitional qualities.
5. Formation of skills and stereotypes of a healthy lifestyle.
The process of learning to play games and exercises with a ball can be divided into the following stages:
1. Initial training.
2. In-depth learning.
3. Consolidation and improvement of movements.
Stage 1.
At the initial stage of training, I train children in a variety of actions, and also stimulate free play with the ball in independent motor activity, without the goal of practicing the technique of these actions.
When teaching children exercises with the ball, I pay special attention to the main elements of motor actions: catching, passing, dribbling, throwing. Otherwise, the actions of passing, catching and dribbling the ball cannot be performed or will be performed incorrectly. It is very important to teach children to hold the ball correctly. Starting position: hold the ball at chest level with both hands. In this case, your arms should be bent, your elbows down, your fingers spread wide apart.
1. When catching the ball. I teach you to master the position of your hands and fingers at the moment of contact with the ball. I teach you to meet the ball with your hands as early as possible, using your fingers to form, as it were, half a hollow ball into which the ball should fit.
2. When passing the ball. I am learning to pass the ball with both hands in different ways from a standstill, and then in motion. Children gradually master the technique of passing the ball.
3. When dribbling the ball. I begin the initial stage of education at the age of five. When dribbling the ball, children learn to move on slightly bent legs, tilting their body slightly forward.
4. When throwing the ball. I instill the skill of throwing the ball with both hands from the chest, from behind the head and with one hand from the shoulder, while the hands and fingers direct the ball into the basket with a gentle push.
Consequently, at the initial stage of developing ball handling skills, I direct my attention to the quality of the child’s performance of each movement, and not to the achievement of a certain result with the help of this movement. For example, when teaching how to catch and pass a ball, I give the following task: whose pair (circle) will make the most passes without dropping the ball on the ground or touching the chest with the ball. Such tasks make children want to achieve good results and help maintain interest.
Stage 2.
After mastering the basic elements of the action being studied, I carry out in-depth learning. At this stage of training, I practice the accuracy of performing movements with the ball, correct existing errors, and form the correct feeling of the skill as a whole. Here you can use exercises with elements of competition aimed at precision in performing movements, and some outdoor games.
Stage 3.
The main task of the stage of consolidating and improving actions with the ball is to create stable, fairly automated and at the same time flexible skills. I consolidate and improve actions with the ball mainly in outdoor games that include these actions. I follow the gradual complication of training; at this stage, games are played in which the game action unfolds between several groups (for example, “Ball to the driver,” “Take a free circle”). In the future, children are already able to play more complex games in which the score is kept between two teams (“Ball for the captain”, “Ball for the catcher”).
Manual dexterity accumulates with motor experience; each new motor skill learned increases the level of dexterity development.
Exercises with objects are an important means of developing manual dexterity, since it is object-based manipulative activity that primarily underlies the development of motor functions of the hands.
To maintain children's interest in playing with a ball and to develop manual dexterity, I widely use small sports equipment in practice: balls of different diameters, sticks, flags, as well as some household and other items or their substitutes. I introduce exercises with objects (manipulation, juggling), outdoor games with them, sports relay races into physical education classes, carried out during walks and other routine moments.
I introduce exercises and games with balls into physical education classes, starting from the 2nd junior group. Young children especially enjoy playing with a ball if the exercises with them do not require complex actions. Therefore, at the very beginning, I propose exercises that are simple in structure and tasks. This is rolling the ball in a straight direction, rolling to each other, into the goal, throwing the ball to the teacher, throwing the ball up onto the floor, throwing into the distance.
Rolling a ball in a straight direction or to each other is the simplest exercise, but to perform it, the child must push the ball with a certain force and in the right direction. (“Roll to me”, “Roll to me”). Children roll and roll the ball between objects with difficulty, so we repeatedly repeat these exercises with children so that the children develop muscle sensations that contribute to the formation of correct movement skills.
At a younger age, I already teach children to throw the ball up and onto the floor. At the same time, I don’t try to get the child to catch the ball, because it’s difficult for kids to throw the ball to the required height, they throw much higher; when throwing the ball on the floor, the child also cannot make an accurate throw near the feet, because there is no correct eye . Therefore, I use visual references: hoops, stickers. I devote a significant amount of space to exercises in throwing the ball into the distance in different ways: from behind the head, from the chest, right and left, with the hand. I don’t require the child to throw accurately, the main thing is that the child throws the ball with force. To do this, I use the following exercises: “Who will throw the furthest”, “Welcome to me”. When learning exercises with the ball, I introduce various spatial concepts: high, low, up, down, I learn to control my movements.
In the middle group, I consolidate the skills in skating, throwing, and throwing a ball acquired in the junior group. When rolling balls, at this age I already achieve the correct repulsion of the ball with both hands, giving the movement the desired direction: “Roll the ball around objects”, “Roll the ball without touching the cubes”, “Knock down the pin” and other exercises. From this age I begin to teach children to work in pairs, first I offer light exercises at a short distance of 1m - 1.5m: “Ball to each other”, “Roll the ball to me through the goal”, rolling balls to each other from different positions.
In middle age, when throwing and catching the ball individually and to each other, I teach children to catch the ball without pressing it to their chest, to measure the height of the rebound on the floor after the throw. I’ll give you an idea: if you throw the ball high, you won’t have time to catch it, because you won’t follow it; if it’s not very high, then you’ll catch it (“Throw it - catch it”, “Ball on the floor”, “Ball up”, “Throw it - catch it” and other exercises. Also, in middle age, I continue to work on throwing a ball into the distance and begin to teach children to throw a ball at a target with one or two hands: “Knock down a toy”, “Ball in a basket”, “Sharp shooter”, “Who can score the most balls in gates".
To develop manual dexterity in children of senior preschool age, I teach them: to shift and then throw the ball from hand to hand; throw the ball to different heights and catch it with two or one hand; catch the ball after additional movements (clap your hands in front of you, behind your back, turn 360°, squat).
In senior groups, I continue to work on improving the skills of rolling and throwing the ball at a target, throwing and catching the ball, teaching the skill of dribbling the ball in place, around oneself, moving forward, passing the ball to each other, standing in pairs in place and in motion.
In throwing and catching the ball, for example, I use complications: catch the ball with a clap, turn, jump, teach techniques for playing against a wall (hit the ball against the wall, let it hit the floor, catch it, throw the ball over your head or against the wall, turn and catch him and other games).
Children love such exercises; older preschoolers love to work with the ball in pairs, catching, throwing. At the same time, I explain to them that the one who catches the ball should not stand still and wait for the ball to fall into his hands, but must follow the direction of the flying ball, correctly calculate and perform the movement - take a step forward, or vice versa, move further away, move to the side, sit down, jump, etc. I bring together children with different levels of physical fitness in games to develop an incentive to practice with the ball.
In older children, with systematic training, their ball handling skills improve significantly. They hold it freely, pass it, throw it. Children know how to follow the flight of the ball and rush towards the flying ball, trying to catch it. Such movements with the ball as throwing to each other, catching, throwing at a target, in children of older preschool age become more correct, freer compared to younger children, and reach a certain level of perfection.
I make it more difficult to hit the ball on the floor, I do it in combination with walking, while I remind them that they need to hit the ball with a soft and smooth movement of the fingers, and not with the whole palm, I teach children to self-regulate the movements of the ball: straight in front of them, from the side, from the right or left side , right or left hand.
When throwing a ball into the distance and at a target, I explain to children that the range of the throw depends on the correct swing and strength, while showing how to swing correctly: “Ball through the hoop”, “Ball to the driver”, “Ball to the target”, “Traps with the ball” "
In the school preparatory group, I pay significant attention to the role of independent actions with the ball, complicating tasks, for example, throwing and catching the ball in different positions, standing with your face and back, kneeling, sitting cross-legged, lying on the floor.
When hitting the ball on the floor, I want children to have good control over the movement of the ball and the ability to gently push it away with their fingers. I combine dribbling exercises with throwing into a basket or hoop. The movements of dribbling the ball are monotonous and quickly get boring for children, so to increase children’s interest in this movement, I give various tasks: to pass the ball along the path, along the bench, in a zigzag, between objects, around oneself, and others. Older children themselves come up with different exercises with the ball, for example, hitting the ball with their knee, hitting the ball against the wall, jumping over it, or hitting the ball with their knee against the wall and catching it, and others.
Thus, the development of manual dexterity in senior preschool age occurs under the following conditions: using a variety of objects in exercises, changing the speed of exercises, methods and amplitude, complicating and varying the exercise, including outdoor games and exercises with balls of different diameters in physical education and recreation work .
I conduct diagnostic studies (control tests) in order to identify the initial and final level of development of physical qualities, starting from the 2nd junior group twice a year. For each age group, I developed its own evaluation criteria, based on the recommendations of the “Play for Health” program and technology (2004). I record all indicators in the child’s individual health cards.
To work with children of senior preschool age in the “Ball School” club, we have compiled an additional program, with learning objectives and long-term planning of basic movements. A card index has been made with a selection of games and exercises with the ball.
Diagnostics and analysis of indicators 2011 compared to 2009 (three years)
1. Throwing the ball up and catching it with both hands at least 10 times in a row - increasing the high level by 22%.
2. Passing the ball with both hands from the chest and catching it at least 10 times in a row – an increase in the average level by 23%.
3. Dribbling the ball in place with the right and left hands at least 15 times in a row – an increase in the average level by 28%.
4. Dribbling the ball with the right or left hand while moving forward, throwing the ball into the basket – an increase in the average level by 13%.
The Roman physician Claudius Galen prescribed ball games as medicine to his patients. And today the ball should be a “childhood companion”: it not only develops dexterity, speed, coordination, eye, but also relieves the nervous system, a lot of joyful emotions and experiences, and for a child to be healthy, it is very important to be happy.
Literature _
1. “Play for health”
2. , L. I., Voloshina “Games with sports elements”
3. “Basketball for preschoolers.”
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