Conversation on traffic rules in a preschool educational institution. Senior group
Topic: “Public transport” for children of senior preschool age. Purpose: this material will help organize a conversation on traffic rules with preschoolers, and will also be useful to educators and parents. Prepared by: Chekhovskaya Elena Rashidovna, teacher of the first qualification category, MBDOU No. 28, Shakhty, Rostov region.
Goal: To introduce the rules of a road user, broaden one’s horizons, give an idea of the dangers on the road - to teach a child to live and act in real life, to become familiar with the rules of behavior in public transport and outside it. Objectives: - to give an idea of the distinctive features of public transport, - to expand knowledge about the rules of behavior on the road, - to teach how to be educated passengers in public transport, - to cultivate responsibility for one’s life. Progress of the conversation. -We begin our journey to the country of road literacy. — What is traffic rules? (Road rules.) - Why is it necessary to know the rules? — How do you understand the words “dangerous situation on the road”? -What could be the cause of “dangerous situations on the road”? — Traffic rules are a road map. Everyone should own one to prevent accidents. Game "Answer quickly and correctly."
The inspector-teacher asks the children various questions related to road safety. (The game can be repeated several times.) 1. What parts does the street consist of?
(Sidewalks, roadways, intersections) 2. Where can people walk? (On the sidewalk) 3. Where can you cross the street? (At pedestrian crossings) 4.What pedestrian crossings do you know? (ground, underground, overground) 5. When you cross the road at a zebra crossing, where should you look first? (To the left, and in the middle - to the right.) 6. What does a pedestrian crossing indicate? (Traffic light, zebra crossing, road sign.) 7. At what traffic light can you cross the road? (On green.) Awarding the best children with prizes. Problem message. Today we will talk about transport on city streets. Transport exists for the rapid movement of people over short and long distances. - What is it called?
Public transport is a vehicle designed to transport a large number of passengers that runs along certain routes. As soon as we buy a ticket for any type of public transport, we are passengers.
Guess the riddles.[/
b] 1. Doesn’t fly, doesn’t buzz, The beetle is running down the street. And two brilliant lights burn in the beetle’s eyes. (Car) (M. Doroshin.)
2. The house goes down the street, taking everyone to work. Not on thin chicken legs, but in rubber boots. (Bus.) (M. Doroshin.)
-Find the similarities and differences between a car and a bus.
(big, small, many passengers. Buses and cars pollute the air with exhaust gases - this is very bad.) -Where do people use such public transport? Physical education
We rode a horse, got to the corner, got into the car, poured gasoline. We drove by car and reached the river. Trrr! Stop! U-turn. We need to get on the plane. The plane is flying, the engine is humming: -U-U-U! 3. Early in the morning outside the window - Knocking and ringing and chaos: Red houses walk along straight steel paths. (Tram.)
-Tram is an electric rail public transport. It has an arc on the roof that moves along an electrical wire located at the top. The current flows through the arc to the tram engine, and through the engine to the wheels. — What is the difference between a tram and a bus? — Where do people use such transport? 4. Amazing carriage! Judge for yourself: The rails are in the air, and he holds them with his hands! (Trolleybus.)
— How does a trolleybus differ from a tram?
What common? — Where do people use such transport? — What should a driver of any public transport be like? (attentive, experienced, knowledgeable, smart, healthy, polite.) Rules of conduct for passengers in public transport.
— Tell us about the rules of behavior at a bus stop, in transport? (Don’t linger in the aisle. Pay the fare. Don’t litter, don’t make noise, don’t distract the driver. Don’t lean out of the windows of the transport. Give up your seat to older people, passengers with children.) - How should you enter public transport? (Through the back door.) - How should you get out of the vehicle? (Through the front door.) How to get around public transport? Remember! A stationary tram is bypassed from the FRONT! Bus and trolleybus - BACK!
Role-playing game “We are passengers.”
Goal: to consolidate the rules of behavior for passengers at a bus stop, in transport, when exiting a transport. — Let's distribute the roles: driver, pedestrians, passengers, inspector. (Make transport out of chairs in advance.) - Boarding the bus. — Disembarking passengers and walking around the bus. (Trolleybus, tram.) Result of the conversation. — What happens if we violate the rule of bypassing traffic? Our journey to the land of the road map is over.
We recommend watching:
Leisure time in the senior group on traffic rules Scenario of a speech by a propaganda team on traffic rules for children of the senior group Conversation in the senior group on the topic: Traffic rules Lesson summary for children 5-7 years old “Travel according to traffic rules”
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Consultation for parents
“How to develop safe behavior skills on the street”
One of the main reasons for road accidents with children is that children in their behavior on the street are guided by observations of the actions of adults in similar situations. Unfortunately, this action is not always correct. How to teach children to behave safely on the street? Just warnings like “be careful” will not help matters significantly. Daily training of the child’s movements and attention is necessary, combined with the constant personal example of the parents. Only in this case can children develop solid skills for safe behavior on the street.
Observation skill. The child must learn to see objects that block the view of the roadway as dangerous objects or hiding danger. To do this, he needs to repeatedly show these objects from the sidewalk when they hide, are about to hide, or have just hidden a moving car. In the same way, the child must learn to see distractions as danger signals. Such a factor could be a bus stopping on the opposite side of the street. Rushing towards it, people often fall under the wheels of passing cars. The reason is that their attention at this moment is switched only to their bus.
The skill of calm, fairly confident behavior on the street is developed through the personal example of parents. This skill is very important for a child, so an adult, walking down the street with his son or daughter, should not give in to excitement or haste, no matter what circumstances force him to do so.
The skill of switching to the street. The curbstone of the sidewalk is the boundary beyond which the habits that operate in everyday life end. It is necessary to teach the child to notice this boundary: to slow down, stop, and take the necessary pause for psychological switching in connection with the transition to the danger zone. And here the example of parents is crucial.
The skill of switching to self-control. Once on the roadway, the child must monitor his behavior and correctly assess the road situation. Developing such a skill requires some training under the guidance of a teacher and parents.
How should adults behave when outdoors with a child? If you are holding a child, be careful: he is blocking your view of the street. You cannot carry a child on a sled on or near the road. Such “transport”, as is known, easily tips over. When traveling in a taxi, it is necessary that passengers with children sit in the back seat - as prescribed by the Traffic Rules. Also take into account the possibility of sudden braking and protect your child from injury. When disembarking, adults must leave first and receive children. The bus is approaching the stop. Until the bus stops moving completely, you should not approach it; a child (like an adult) can trip and get run over, especially if there are a lot of passengers at the stop. The stopping zone is a dangerous place for a child. The fact is that a standing bus reduces the view of the Road in this area, both for drivers of passing cars and for pedestrians. In addition, pedestrians here are often in a hurry and a child can be pushed onto the roadway. Even an experienced driver cannot always avoid sudden braking in an emergency situation. Therefore, when traveling on public transport, you must ensure that the child is in a stable position. You need to be especially careful near the driver’s cabin and when preparing to exit. Adults are always the first to get off the bus, trolleybus, or tram and receive the child. If you let children go ahead, they can break free from your arms and run out onto the road, and a small child, walking on steps designed for an adult, can fall. When walking down the street hand in hand with a child, do not forget that the child may try to break free. This is a common cause of childhood road injuries. Teach children to observe. It is from the age of two to seven, while he is on the street next to you, that it is best to instill in him the skills mentioned above. Use every occasion of being on the street with your child to teach him to see and guess typical road “traps”. When crossing the street, let him also observe, and not just trust you. Otherwise, the baby will get used to walking across the street without looking. Do not allow your child to run ahead of you at the end of the crossing. This reinforces the same habit of moving along the street without observing the traffic situation. If your child wears glasses, he can only see well in front of him, and on the street, so-called peripheral vision plays an important role. Since it remains weakened, special care must be taken to teach the child to correctly assess the speed of approaching traffic, to recognize typical situations of obstructed vision and distraction. When walking down the street with a child, do not rush on the roadway, run across the road to the bus, talk about strangers while crossing, move at a red traffic light or make a prohibiting gesture from a traffic controller.
