Consultations for parents in preschool educational institutions: list of the most important topics

Children and games

There are a huge number of topics for conversations with parents. So, you can talk about anything. But it is important to talk about how ready the child is for role-playing games with peers, how he joins the play group and whether he knows how to behave in society with other kids. Consultations for parents in preschool educational institutions in this section can be conducted on the following topics:

Selection of toys for children.
About role-playing games and their meaning.
Development and learning in the game.
The role of toys in a child's life.
Why you need to play with your child.

Here the teacher can advise on how to choose the right toys for a child and which ones are harmful. It is also important today to talk about the role of electronic gadgets in a child’s life. After all, they are closely integrated into the life of a modern child.

Individual consultation as a form of work with parents of preschool children.

UDC 373.2 N.O. Tumanova

teacher

MBDOU No. 5 “Sun”

r.p. North Yenisei

Individual consultation as a form of work with parents of preschool children.

The Federal State Educational Standard for Education says that an individual approach is necessary not only when working with children, but also when working with parents. The teacher, when communicating with parents, must feel the situation, the mood of mom or dad. This is where the teacher’s human and pedagogical ability to reassure the parent, sympathize and think together about how to help the child in a given situation comes in handy [3].

The ideas of interaction between family and public education were developed in the works of V. A. Sukhomlinsky, who believed that any successful educational work is completely unthinkable without a system of pedagogical education, improving the pedagogical culture of parents, which is an important part of general culture [4].

Traditional forms of working with parents include: parent meetings, conferences, individual teacher consultations, and home visits.

Teachers O. L. Zvereva and T. V. Krotova believe that in the work of a teacher with parents of a preschool educational institution, it is very important to focus on the needs of the family, the requests of parents, and not just read reports or lectures to them. It is important to activate and enrich the educational skills of parents, maintain their confidence in their own pedagogical abilities, and spread the positive experience of education in the family: spending family leisure time, following family traditions, etc. [1].

Non-traditional forms of working with parents include thematic consultations, parent readings, parent evenings, trainings, and a round table.

Individual consultations are one of the most important forms of interaction between a teacher and a family. In order to overcome parents' anxiety and fear of talking about their child, it is necessary to conduct individual consultations and interviews with parents. When preparing for a consultation, it is advisable to identify a number of questions, the answers to which will help plan educational work with the group. Individual consultation should be informational in nature and help create good contact between parents and teacher. The teacher must give parents the opportunity to tell him everything that they would like to introduce the teacher to in an informal setting, and find out important information for their professional work with the child: the child’s health characteristics, his hobbies, interests, preferences in communication in the family, behavioral reactions, character traits, learning motivations, family moral values.

According to I.M. Markovskaya, a conversation with parents, on the one hand, makes it possible for the latter to find the right approach to children, and on the other hand, it contributes to more effective work of a specialist, because often a conversation with parents helps to find the right approach to a student, since close They know their child well and can give a lot of advice [2].

Such forms of work help parents concentrate on raising children in the family, increase the feeling of satisfaction with the process of raising children, and strengthen the sense of parental self-awareness. Parents more often show interest in their children’s lives, tenderness, approval, respect, and this is the key to children’s ability to cooperate, develop self-esteem and self-confidence.

We believe that in our time much attention is paid to working with parents, since the relationship between parent and teacher is very important in building the educational process. Many parents do not hear the teacher, and teachers do not always correctly understand what the parents tell them. To avoid a conflict situation, there is one form of working with parents - individual consultation.

Individual consultation helps parents and teachers make the overall correct solution to a particular problem that has arisen so as not to harm the child.

For many parents, individual consultation helps them open up. Parents, listening to the teacher, begin to understand the problematic situation as it really looks, and not as they see it from their side.

When inviting parents for an individual consultation, you need to behave correctly. Always smile. A smile is a small key to positive emotions and easy communication. Be sure to address your parents by name and patronymic. Always know how to listen and hear, listen without interrupting. Look at the problem that has arisen through the eyes of the parents, and not just with your own eyes, then you can see from which side it is better to approach this problem, how to correctly present its solution without harm to the child and his parents.

Emotions play a big role in individual consultations. Parents may be constrained, or, on the contrary, impulsive. The teacher must find a special approach for an individual consultation to take place. It is necessary to choose the intonation of your voice, be attentive, and polite. When talking, look at your parents, and not to the side. The relationship must be trusting. Under these conditions, individual consultation is of great benefit in working with parents.

Thus, we came to the following conclusion: working with parents is a complex and important part of a teacher’s activity. Individual consultations are a form of teacher work with parents of preschool children. The purpose of the consultations is to increase the pedagogical literacy of parents on the issues of raising and educating the child, solving problematic issues, activating the pedagogical skills of parents, helping parents in resolving difficult pedagogical situations, informing about the successes and achievements of the child. Emotions play a big role in individual consultations. Therefore, the teacher must be able to find a special approach to each parent in order for an individual consultation to take place.

List of sources used:

Zvereva, O. L. Communication between a teacher and parents in a preschool educational institution: Methodological aspect. – M.: TC Sfera, 2005. – 80 p.
Markovskaya, I. M. Training of interaction between parents and children / I. M. Markovskaya. – St. Petersburg: Rech, 2002. – 260 s.
Draft Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) for preschool education.
Sukhomlinsky, V. A. Pavlyshskaya secondary school. – M.: Education, 1979. – 282 p.

The child and the learning process

Consultations for parents in preschool educational institutions may also concern the educational process. After all, children in kindergarten learn and receive more and more new knowledge every day. What topics are important to pay attention to in this section:

We instill a love of books and reading.
How to develop your child's creativity.
Principles of familiarization with the surrounding world.
Left-handed child: special or the same as everyone else.
Preparation for school.

Educators need to convey to parents the fact that children should learn not only in kindergarten. You don't have to study at the table and in front of books. So, you need to explore the world by playing on the street or even just by talking. Any conversation between parents and baby should be information-rich and useful. After all, during the kindergarten age, the baby absorbs maximum information and receives all its thorough knowledge.

Psychological characteristics of children

When considering various topics of consultation for parents, preschool educational institutions, or rather the workers themselves, including psychologists, should talk with parents about the psychological characteristics of children. Here we need to focus on the fact that all children are different, and in one team there can be children from a variety of families, including disadvantaged ones. Approximate topics for conversation:

Aggressive kids.
The process of a child's adaptation to kindergarten.
Stubbornness and whims.
The influence of parents on the formation of the baby’s attitudes and the child’s way of life.
Does a child need frames?
How to raise a good person.

Lecture for parents in kindergarten

Lecture for parents “The Profession of Being a Parent”
Description: The publication offers techniques and forms for organizing and holding the first meeting with parents. This material will be useful for educators and class teachers. Topic: “Profession of being a parent” Goal: formation of trusting and friendly relationships between parents and children. Objectives: To develop the pedagogical competence of parents by increasing the level of pedagogical culture of parents; using the educational potential of parents to teach and raise children with disabilities. Help parents understand and get to know their children. Equipment: light music before the meeting, poster “Educating does not mean saying good words to children, but first of all living like a human being.” (A. N. Ostrogorsky), envelopes with children's answers, blank sheets, reminders, proverbs, ritual candle. Progress of the first meeting. Teacher. Hello, dear parents! Today we are starting a lecture with you, which will consist of a number of conversations and workshops, where we will talk to you about parental relationships, family and home, their meaning in the lives of our children and why we sometimes do not understand our children. Together we will look for ways to solve some of the problems that arise: the predominance of an authoritarian or contradictory parenting style in relationships; children's anxiety; lack of mutual trust and understanding in families. First of all, let's understand that parental relationships are a system of various feelings towards the child, behavioral stereotypes practiced in communicating with him, the peculiarities of perception and understanding of the character and personality of the child, his actions. You and I know that for a child, family is a whole world in which he lives and acts: he learns to love and hate, rejoice and sympathize. At one time, Dahl wrote that “A family is a collection of close relatives living together, parents with children.” For a long time, people spoke about home and family with love and respect. Remember, people say: (parents finish the proverbs) It’s good at a party,...(but it’s better at home) There is discord in the family,...(I’m still not happy at home) It’s good everywhere,...(but it’s better at home) The whole family is together,...(so the soul is in place) It is not the stove that warms the house... (but love and harmony) There is no kinder person... (father and mother) Teacher. You should always remember that the family is the place not only of birth, but also of its formation. What a child acquires from the family during childhood, he retains for a significant part of his life. It lays the foundations of the child’s personality. Without an alliance with children, without your support and help, the child will not be happy and healthy. Family means happiness, love and luck, Family means trips to the country in the summer. Family is a holiday, family dates, gifts, shopping, pleasant spending. The birth of children, the first step, the first babble, Dreams of good things, excitement and trepidation. Family is something we share among everyone. A little bit of tears and laughter for everyone. Rise and fall, joy, sadness, Friendship and quarrels, the stamp of silence. Family is work, caring for each other. Family means a lot of housework. Family is important! Family is difficult! But it is impossible to live happily alone! Family is happiness, family is home. Where they love and wait, and do not remember evil. Practical task “Memo to parents.” Teacher. I suggest you, supplementing the sentences written on your pieces of paper, create a memo for all parents (parents have one sentence each). - If a child is constantly criticized, he learns (to hate). - If a child lives in hostility, he learns (to be aggressive). - If a child is constantly reproached, he learns (to live with guilt). - If a child lives in an atmosphere of understanding, he learns (to understand others). - If a child is praised, he learns (to be grateful). - If a child grows up in honesty, he learns (to be fair). — If a child grows up in safety, he learns (to have faith in people). — If a child is supported, he learns (to value himself). - If a child is ridiculed, he learns (to be withdrawn). - If a child lives in understanding and friendship, he learns (to find love in the world). Teacher. I really hope that these reminders will be useful to you in different situations in raising children. As parents, we must always remember that children enter into certain relationships with us, which can have both a positive and negative impact on them. As a result of these relationships, the child becomes friendly and sociable, or, conversely, anxious, callous, withdrawn and even angry. A lot depends on the behavior of parents. A person can acquire various professions, but one of the main professions is the profession of being a parent. If parents strive to comprehend the science of fatherhood and motherhood, if their behavior and actions are reasonable, there is undoubtedly a chance to raise their child happy, healthy, and smart. Dear parents, we spend a lot of time at work. Our concerns about feeding, clothing, and creating certain benefits are understandable. And with all these worries, we don’t have enough time to talk with the child, hear about what’s going on in his child’s soul, say a few kind, encouraging words to the child, and sometimes just caress him. Psychologists say that in order for a child to feel happy, he needs to be stroked on the head, hugged, approved 7 times during the day, i.e. through physical touch, confirm the words so necessary for the child: “I love you, you are very dear to me.” Let's try not to forget about this. I suggest you do a short workshop. Practical task “Kind words”. Try to use the child’s name to find words for him that characterize his character, personality traits, and abilities. For example, N - reliable, gentle A - neat, active D - kind, conscientious I - bright, clear Teacher. You see how many kind words you have found for your child. Don’t waste time with your children, see the adults in them, stop quarreling and getting angry, try to make friends with them. Try not to reproach them, learn to listen to them and understand. Warm them with your warmth, Let the house become a fortress for them. Try and search with them, Talk about everything in the world, Always guide them invisibly, And help them in all matters. Learn to trust children - Every step does not need to be checked, Respect their opinions and advice, Children are wise men, don’t forget. Adults, have hope in your children and love them with all your soul in a way that is impossible to describe. Then you won’t lose your children! Practical task “Do you know your child”? Teacher. Now, we will do a small task with you. Your task, dear parents, is to answer the questions, and then you will compare your answers with the children’s answers. Workshop questions: — What is your child’s favorite activity? - Who do you think is the most important person in the family, according to the child? — What does your child like to eat most? — Interesting TV shows that your child watches. — What is your child’s favorite book? — Write the name of your child’s best friend or girlfriend. — Your child’s favorite activity. Teacher. Now open the envelopes and take out your children’s answers to these same questions. Compare the results of the work with the results of the children... Great, those whose answers completely coincided, but those who didn’t succeed, don’t despair, it’s not too late to get to know your child better. Practical task “Parental attitudes”. Teacher. You all know that parental attitudes play a big role in the development of a child. What does parental settings mean? (Parents’ opinions) That’s right, parental attitudes are verbal appeals, requests, and assessment of the child’s actions. Parental attitudes can be both negative and positive. Therefore, our task is to avoid attitudes that may subsequently manifest themselves negatively in the child’s behavior. I propose to change negative attitudes into positive ones that develop the child’s faith in himself and in his own strength. Parental instructions: - Get out of my sight, I don’t want to talk to you. (Come to me, let's figure it out together). - Don’t be afraid of anything, don’t give in to anyone, give change. (Keep yourself in check, treat people the way you would like people to treat you). - When will you learn? (I will help you). - What would you do without me? (What would we do without you?) - Well, why were you born? (What a blessing that we have you!) - If you do this, no one will want to be friends with you. (How you treat people is how they will treat you). Teacher. As you can see, not everything is so simple. Dear parents, remember that you should not give your children negative attitudes. If you do make a mistake, then hurry to correct the situation by replacing the negative attitude with a positive one. It depends on you, to a large extent, how your child will grow up; school can only help you find a way out of a difficult situation. But you need to remember that your real actions, your behavior have the greatest influence on the formation of the child’s personality. Try to be an example for your children and you will succeed. I would really like to read you a poem that confirms everything we talked about today. A child learns from what he sees in his home. His parents are his example! Whoever is rude in front of his wife and children, Who loves the language of debauchery, Let him remember that he will receive from them with interest everything that he teaches them. It was not the wolf who raised the sheep, it was the father who gave the crab the gait! If children see us and hear us, we are responsible for our deeds. And for the words: it is easy to push children down a bad path. Keep your house in decency, so as not to repent later. /Sebastian Brant/. Teacher. I propose to end our meetings with the farewell ritual “Candle in a circle”, passing the candle, we will try to answer each other’s questions. For example: “What did you like and remember most today? How are you feeling now? How did your feelings change throughout the meeting? What would you like to hear about at the next meeting,” etc.

We recommend watching:

Adaptation in kindergarten. Consultation for parents Consultation for parents of preschool educational institutions. Research activities at home Visual impairment in children and their prevention Experience of working with parents in kindergarten

Communication with the outside world

Consultations for parents in preschool educational institutions should be useful. Teachers should not forget about this. So, you can conduct a set of conversations that will tell moms and dads how to properly teach their child to relate to nature and the environment. A huge number of different problems arise here:

If there is an animal in the house.
What is nature and its role in human life.
We keep the environment clean.
Let's help our smaller friends.
Caring for nature is a human priority.

It is very important to instill in a little person the right attitude towards nature. These topics are especially relevant today, when the environment is increasingly suffering from the development of technological progress and direct human actions.

Collection of consultations for parents of the preparatory group

Consultation for parents Topic: “How to teach a child to stand up for himself” Prepared by: preparatory group teacher Kucheryavenko S.A. This question worries moms, but dads probably care more. Life is cruel - men say, you have to fight your way through it, but we have a growing slobber. Moreover, those who are indignant about filial slobbering are, as a rule, those fathers who in childhood did not know how to stand up for themselves, and even in adulthood they are not painfully reminiscent of Rimbaud or James Bond. However, it is understandable. We all want our children not to repeat our mistakes and to be stronger and happier than us. Let's help them with this. You just need to do it correctly. Not all children successfully master self-defense lessons. Many people feel even more constrained because they cannot overcome their fear and, moreover, they are afraid of causing their dad’s displeasure. Therefore, they prefer not to complain to their father about their offenders, hide their feelings, stop trusting their parents, and become alienated from them. This gives rise to even greater problems, because, losing support from adults, the child feels completely defenseless. And if he is not naturally brave, fear of the world can become panicky. But there is another extreme. There are children who are almost accustomed to throwing their fists at offenders. It can be very difficult for them to get along in a team. They are quickly labeled as a bully and a vacuum is formed around him. They prefer not to contact him. Rejected children become embittered, and their desire for revenge gradually grows. And this generates a response and so on ad infinitum. By school, a child may develop a strong belief that there are only enemies around, and this is a direct path to depression. But what can we do? When thinking about this, it is important to separate two points: the attitude of the child himself to the situation and the attitude of the parents. And ask: are things so dramatic in the eyes of your son or daughter? Are they really being offended, humiliated, suppressed? Or is it some old grievances that have stirred up within you, and you unwittingly attribute your ideas about life to your children? Unfortunately, this is often the case. Why "Unfortunately?". Yes, because in this way an inferiority complex is formed in the child. If an adult had not focused his attention on some minor injustice committed against his child, he, perhaps, would not have noticed anything. Well, they pushed…., well, they teased…., well, they didn’t take them into the game, Who doesn’t it happen to? They didn’t accept me now, but in half an hour they will. Two minutes ago he was pushed, and two minutes later he will rush somewhere headlong and also accidentally push someone. Children's grievances are usually unstable and quickly disappear. But when adults focus their attention on the offense, it acquires a different status, as if receiving official recognition. But some parents don’t just focus their child’s attention on a trivial grievance, they try to sort things out in the presence of the child and other parents, and sometimes the conversation takes place in a raised voice. And the children hear everything... After all, adults often make a mountain out of a mountain, and thereby only harm the child, inflating his pride. And inflated, hypertrophied pride prevents the child from building normal relationships with others. He looks for a catch in everything, flares up like a match at any careless word spoken to him. But if a child turns out to be a victim everywhere he goes, then it’s not just a matter of the team. Most likely, there is something in himself that provokes offenders. After all, weak, but quiet, non-conflict children are usually not offended. Sustained aggression is provoked by “spiky” children. The kind that bully themselves and then run to complain. And they should be taught not so much to fight back as to get along with others: not to be offended, not to pretend to be a permanent leader, to treat the guys kindly, not to be sarcastic, not to tease. After all, adult life can indeed be cruel. This is not a kindergarten where you can get away with a couple of bruises……. Consultation for parents Topic: “Self-esteem. How to raise him? Prepared by: preparatory group teacher Kucheryavenko S.A. A high level of self-esteem is a very valuable character trait of a child. Self-confidence helps him cope with growing pains. Self-esteem is born from recognizing one's own merits.

If a child does something well, he feels satisfied. When he succeeds often, he develops faith in his abilities. The child wants to learn everything that other children and adults can do. He strives to comprehend new and more difficult types of activity.

A child who lacks self-confidence should be given the opportunity to demonstrate his abilities. Every child can do something well. The question is what exactly. Parents should think: “What comes easiest to a child?” Watch the child. See what he likes to do, what types of activities he prefers. Most likely, he will choose things that he succeeds in.

Adults should organize children's lives in such a way that they can confirm and develop their success. It is very important to maintain children's enthusiasm. Sometimes parents need to reconsider their views on which activities are suitable for boys and which for girls. A boy may prefer dancing, and a girl may prefer karate. The main thing is that parents show understanding. Children's interests often change, but the feeling that their parents understand them will remain for life.

There are other ways to build on children's success. Let the child do some simple tasks. A child can, for example, place plates on the table or sweep the kitchen after dinner. The child is very pleased when the drawing he has drawn is hung on the wall or refrigerator. It is important that the child successfully copes with new activities. Success in this case is determined not so much by the end result, but by the child’s desire to learn something new. Divide your child's assignment into a series of small tasks. When he completes the first, move on to the second, third, etc. Praise him as you go. Don’t rush your child and don’t rush to do something for him yourself. This will make him feel incompetent. The time and effort you spend will pay off handsomely - the child will respect himself. Spend as much time as possible with your child. He will understand that he is appreciated. He feels important when his parents put off various important “adult” things for him. Listen to your child's opinion. A girl will feel happy if her mother asks what dish to cook for lunch or what dress to wear when visiting. It's a wonderful experience for a child when adults take it seriously.

Praise is the basis for building self-esteem. This is recognition of the child's merits. The child needs to be praised. Specific praise is most helpful. It’s better to say to a child riding a bike, “You’re great for stopping at the corner,” than to simply state, “You’re great.” You will emphasize the desired behavior, and the child will understand how he should behave, and will not just be glad that he is just “well done” and will not know why. You need to teach your child to recognize his own achievements, otherwise he will remain dependent on the opinions of others. Make sure your child can evaluate his own skills. What can he do well? How he does it? If a child brings a drawing from kindergarten, let him tell you why he likes it. If he built a house out of cubes, ask how he managed to put them together.

The child should strive to assert his authority. Give him the opportunity to “educate” other children.

Consultation for parents Topic: “Children’s shyness” Prepared by: preparatory group teacher Kucheryavenko S.A.

Shyness is a characteristic common to many people, both children and adults. Probably, this trait can be called the most common cause of communication difficulties. Shyness can be a mental illness. As a rule, shyness, as a characteristic of behavior, begins to develop in preschool age. Over time, its manifestations become more stable and spread to the entire communicative sphere of a person.

To be shy means to be afraid of communication. A shy child perceives people around him (especially strangers) as posing a certain threat.

Today in psychology there is a widespread point of view that shyness is formed as a result of negative experiences that arise in a child in the process of communication and are gradually consolidated in the mind.

Shyness can be either selective or spread to the entire social environment of the child. Its occurrence may be associated with low self-esteem of the child. Considering himself worse, weaker, uglier than others, the child begins to avoid contact with others, subconsciously not wanting to injure his already damaged pride.

Helping a child overcome shyness and develop a desire to communicate is a completely doable task, but it needs to be solved by all adults who interact with a shy child - parents, educators, psychologists.

The sooner we begin to overcome shyness, the better. With age, a child develops a stereotype of shy behavior, it becomes fixed and difficult to correct. The child begins to be aware of his “shortcomings,” and this makes it very difficult to work with him, since the preschooler involuntarily fixes attention on his shyness and the characteristics of his character.

Some advice for parents whose children are shy.

· Expand your child’s social circle, invite your child’s friends over more often, take your child to visit friends, expand your walking route, teach your child to be calm about new, unfamiliar places.

· You shouldn’t constantly worry about your child, try to protect him completely. Give your child the opportunity to show independence and activity, give him a certain amount of freedom of action. Constantly strengthen your child's confidence in himself and his abilities.

· Involve your child in performing a variety of tasks related to communication. Encourage a shy child's contacts with “stranger adults”: ask him to buy bread or ask for a book at the library. At the same time, try to be close to the baby so that he feels confident and calm.

· Support your child, emphasize his successes in business, and also tell your child how many new and interesting things can be learned by communicating and playing with other children and adults. Consultation for parents Topic: “The character of your child depends on you” Prepared by: teacher of the preparatory group Kucheryavenko S. A.

We often say the word “character” and have become accustomed to it. “This is character,” we say with admiration. “What a character!” - we say when we are indignant. Is it good or bad to have character? Everyone, based on their own experience, understands character as a certain combination of a person’s individual characteristics. The main character traits are considered to be three groups of qualities that manifest themselves in relation to activity or any assignment (hard work, conscientiousness, perseverance, perseverance, independence); in a person’s attitude towards himself (pride, self-esteem) and towards others (caring, responsiveness, kindness, sensitivity). These qualities are equal in importance and are cultivated at the same time. You can instill in a child independence and self-esteem, but at the same time indifference. This combination of qualities is quite common. It also happens that a child is both sensitive and kind, but is unable to complete a single task and cannot set a goal for himself. Parents often object: “Not everything can be taught: character is inherited. There are two twin children in our family. We raise them the same way, but they grow up completely different. What can you do, we were born with different characters.” Is it so? Let's figure out how much a child's character depends on natural characteristics. What is innate in character and what is acquired?

Four properties of the child’s nervous system are congenital and hereditary. The first is the strength of the nervous system or performance: some children are hardy and capable of prolonged stress, others get tired quickly. This can be noticed in the game, when the child carries out an assignment. The second property is balance, or the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition: in some children the process of excitation may predominate (noisy, restless children), in others the process of inhibition may predominate (calm children, who are almost impossible to get angry). Third feature -

mobility, switchability of nervous processes (one child easily and quickly moves from play to routine moments: upon waking up, he immediately joins the game). Another is characterized by being stuck on some experience, very slowly entering the state of wakefulness from sleep). The fourth feature is the dynamism of nervous processes, i.e. the ability to develop habitual forms of behavior and the speed of their change. Some children easily get used to new requirements in kindergarten and willingly obey them, while others, willingly following them, get used to them for a long time, with difficulty. The child's character is not predetermined by these natural characteristics of nervous activity. Observations of the development of twins confirm that the same conditions for their development cannot exist even in the same family; circumstances seem to force them to act differently. If a mother asks the children to help her, then one person responds first. Another child at this time may be standing with his back to his mother and therefore respond a few fractions of a second later. Several similar situations - and there is already a basis for the formation of opposite qualities (passivity and activity) in twin children. Various combinations of properties make it possible to identify unequal individual characteristics in the child’s behavior and activities. Peculiarities of nervous activity can both complicate and help cultivate certain character traits. Thus, it is more difficult to develop self-control in a very sensitive child than in a balanced child. It is more difficult to cultivate perseverance in excitable children than in slow children. Remember that all children, regardless of their individual psychological developmental characteristics, need the targeted influence of an adult who consciously uses various methods and techniques to form certain character traits of the child. All preschoolers are taught stable moral feelings, moral motives for behavior, obedience and

curiosity, activity. However, in raising children with different individual characteristics, it is important to rely on the positive characteristics of higher nervous activity, while changing their undesirable manifestations. Thus, in active, balanced children, special attention is paid to the development of stable interests and stable moral motives of behavior. If this task of upbringing is solved correctly, then the child will have patience, perseverance, which was not there before, and the ability to complete the work he has begun, even if he is not interested in it. Education of moral feelings will allow the child to consciously comply with the rules and requirements of adults, and will prevent the development of such qualities as frivolity and self-confidence. In raising children of a different type - excitable, unbalanced - parents prevent their temper, cultivate self-control, perseverance, the ability to correctly assess their strengths, think through decisions and stages of their activities. Adults must be both demanding and patient. Demanding obedience from children and preventing temper and stubbornness, the child is explained the validity of this or that requirement and the need to follow the rules. Adults do not persuade, but explain, remaining demanding. If a child is given an order, he says it out loud, explaining what he will do, what he needs for this, what parts of the beams to divide the order into to make it easier to complete, what difficulties may be encountered and how to avoid them. Don't forget to approach him sometimes - the child may need your help. You should not be afraid to trust your child, but you should also provide him with the necessary help. A preschooler can be assigned to set the table when guests arrive; You can ask to go to your neighbors with any request. Such assignments require from the child external and internal composure, restraint, politeness, that is, those qualities that he and

lacks; adults highly value these very qualities demonstrated by an unbalanced child, so that they become stable character traits.

In raising slow children, special attention is paid to developing their activity, initiative, and curiosity. Slow children develop the ability to quickly switch from one task to another. Such children especially often take walks to the park, forest, go to the zoo, or the circus. The imagination of slow children is constantly awakened by including them in all events of family life. This helps create the habit of always being busy and active. If the child does everything very slowly, it is important to be patient and not get irritated. It is useful to do something in a race with him, trying to give him a limited time to complete the assignment. In this case, you can count down the time (for example, when getting dressed), or remind the child that you were going to read a book to him or watch a cartoon, but because of his slowness, you may not have time to do this. Children develop accuracy, dexterity, and speed of movement. Slow children are often played with active games that require these qualities. When raising sensitive, vulnerable children, they strictly adhere to the daily routine, give the child only feasible tasks and help him on time. Addresses to a child are distinguished by special sensitivity, gentleness, an even, friendly tone, and trust in his strengths and capabilities. If something is entrusted, then you should remember that he needs time to prepare the workplace, and that the assignment will be carried out very carefully. Therefore, you should not be annoyed if your child pays attention to little things. Vulnerable children are taught self-confidence, initiative, independence, and sociability. In front of strangers, you should not pay attention to the child’s manifestations of shyness or improper actions. In upbringing, strict punishments or threats of punishment are not used in response to the child’s insecurity or incorrect actions.

You cannot intimidate sensitive children - they are already characterized by timidity and fear of new things. It is necessary to teach them to overcome feelings of fear. If a child is afraid of the dark, you need to enter the dark room with him and turn on the light. Then the child will do it alone, and the adult will be somewhere nearby. When cultivating courage, you need to teach your child to overcome his fear. If he is afraid of a caterpillar crawling on the ground, take it in your hands, let him touch it in your hands, let him take it in his own. Approve his action: “You did well, you weren’t afraid, you’re brave.” You will see the joy of a little person who has overcome his fear, his uncertainty. For this uncertainty to disappear completely, he must feel that you will treat him with understanding and sensitivity even if he does something wrong; that you will not scold him and say: “It’s always like this with you.” If you treat a vulnerable child and his failures kindly, then over time, thanks to the patience and goodwill of an adult, his anticipatory high assessment of the child’s courage and independence, the preschooler gains confidence in his abilities, he becomes sociable and trusting.

Consultation for parents Topic: “How does a preschooler become a schoolchild?” Prepared by: preparatory group teacher Kucheryavenko S.A.

It would seem that the answer to this question can be simple: he goes to school. But this is an illusion of simplicity. There are children who, while studying in first and even second and third grade, remain preschoolers. And there are those who, upon entering school, lose the features of a preschooler, but never truly turn into schoolchildren. The difference between a preschooler and a schoolchild is not external, but internal, psychological. And it is determined by how the child relates to other people - adults, peers, to the tasks he performs, and by how developed his mental qualities are necessary for the systematic acquisition of knowledge.

To begin with, let's try to sketch a psychological portrait of a junior schoolchild, and not just a schoolchild, but, so to speak, an ideal schoolchild, that is, a child who loves to go to school, studies successfully and, most importantly, under the influence of education, successfully advances in his mental development. And the first thing that interests us is the child’s attitude to school, learning, teacher, peers, that is, the so-called “student position”, as defined by the famous psychologist L.I. Bozhovich. School is a special place where they teach and learn, that is, they do important, necessary and honorable work. Learning is not the same as playing. You learn something new all the time, you get older and smarter. And everyone understands that your studies are like dad’s work, you need to take it seriously. Therefore, when you are given a lesson, you have the right to ask to turn off the radio or TV so that you are not interrupted in your work. And it’s good when the lessons are given more difficult - you feel better that you are taken seriously. The teacher is the most knowledgeable, most respected person. What he says is always correct and binding on everyone. He is fair and loves all children equally. It gives marks for what you know and how hard you try. It's very nice to get A's, but if you don't always succeed, it means you have to try harder and in the end you will definitely succeed. The best children in the class are those who follow school rules, study diligently and help their friends...

You feel that a certain standard of a “student” has begun to emerge, for which teachers and parents can only pray... Nothing can be done, this is the position of a schoolchild in its “pure” form. And in fact, many younger schoolchildren quite clearly adhere to it, often surprising their parents with their pedantry in observing school regulations. But let's go further in drawing up the planned portrait.

What else should be included in the psychological portrait of an imaginary excellent student? Of course, he pays full attention in class. He doesn’t fidget, doesn’t chat with his neighbor at his desk, and in any case doesn’t jump up from his seat and go for a walk around the class. He doesn’t have a favorite bunny or a small car in his desk that he can slowly roll back and forth from time to time. After all, firstly, what could be more important for him than the teacher’s story, and secondly, he has already learned to control himself, be attentive, and not be distracted, even if something unusual happens nearby (for example, a neighbor climbs under his desk to look for rolled away handle). This is arbitrary behavior. It affects everything - in the concentration of attention, in the ability to follow the course of reasoning of the teacher and other children, to follow instructions in a timely manner, to act in accordance with the rules, and to purposefully memorize what is given. But randomness alone is not enough. After all, you need not only to listen, but also to understand what the teacher is saying, not only to carefully read the textbook, but also to imagine what is written in it, not only to remember the rules, but also to figure out how they can be applied in this or that case. This means that one cannot do without developed perception, thinking, and imagination, which ensure the conscious assimilation and application of school knowledge. They also need to be included in the portrait, especially emphasizing logical thinking - the ability to compare facts, reason consistently, and draw conclusions. Perhaps this could have ended there if the child could survive only on consciousness and volition. In practice, this is impossible, and interest in the educational material itself comes to the rescue - in how people lived in the old days, how they live in different countries, in the animal world, in the causes that give rise to natural phenomena, and in the secrets of mathematical calculations.

Now let’s turn to a typical preschooler and see to what extent he meets the requirements for an “ideal” student. The position of a preschooler is based on a completely different attitude towards the people around him and his own activities than the position of a schoolchild. Mom and dad love you, forgive you for your pranks and whims, and in any case they will not scold you if you accidentally break a cup. Of course, it happens that they get angry and even punish because they are offended by you, but all this is easy to fix: you only have to, even if you have seriously misbehaved, say: “I won’t do it again” in order to be forgiven. Of course, it’s good for them, adults: they can do everything, but for some reason a lot of things are forbidden to you. Kindergarten is a place where they play. Classes are also a game: Petrushka comes and asks to help him count how many cups are needed to give tea to all the dolls. And if you didn’t understand something or did something wrong, you will still be praised - after all, you tried. Elena Petrovna, the teacher, is like a mother, only it’s more difficult for her: there are many children, and she is alone. You can't keep track of everyone. Therefore, she needs to sympathize, obey, and not make too much noise. At the same time, it is quite possible that life has many wonderful surprises in store for these children, and therefore it would be unfair to condemn them to a boring, limited existence, while very little effort on the part of parents, simple special classes, an unexpected approach to this or that in another matter, they can make the child a multifaceted personality, which in the future will open all possible doors for him.

Consultation for parents Topic: “Mistakes that should not be made” Prepared by: teacher of the preparatory group Kucheryavenko S.A.
For you, parents! Mistakes you shouldn't make.
All parents raise their children based on their life experience and understanding of life. Each of us dreams that he will be the best, the smartest and the kindest in his relationship with his child. And it often works out. But there are times when the child’s behavior is perplexing and annoying; and we do something that makes us feel ashamed, uncomfortable, and you begin to scold yourself and swear to yourself that this will not happen in the future. So what mistakes do we make? The first mistake is indifference “Do what you want, I don’t care.” Parents’ opinion:

When I was little, they didn't baby me.
The child must learn to solve his own problems. And in general, the child must be prepared for adult life, let him quickly become independent. Psychologists' opinion
: The child, feeling your indifference, will immediately begin to check how “real” it is.
The test may involve committing misconduct. The child waits to see whether such an act will be followed by criticism or not. It turns out that both of you. Therefore, it is better, instead of ostentatious indifference, to try to establish friendly relations with your child, even if his behavior does not suit you at all. Mistake two - too much severity “You must do what I told you. I am a mother, I am the main one in the house” Parents’ opinion:
Children should always obey their parents - this is the most important principle in education.
Alternatives are not allowed here. It doesn’t matter how old the child is, whether he is a high school student or a preschooler. Children should not be given any concessions, otherwise they will finally sit on our necks. Opinion of psychologists:
Children must understand why and why they do something.
Too strict upbringing, based on principles that are not always clear to the child, resembles training. A child can unquestioningly do everything when you are around, and ignore all prohibitions when you are not around. Conviction is better than strictness. If necessary, you can say this: “Now you do as I say, and in the evening we will calmly discuss everything - why and why.” Mistake three: children need to be pampered “I guess I’ll do it myself. My baby can’t handle this yet.” Parents’ opinion:
We are ready to do anything for our baby, because children should always receive the best.
Childhood is so fleeting, so it should be wonderful. It’s so nice to guess and fulfill any child’s wish. Opinion of psychologists:
Spoiled children have a very hard time in life.
Excessive care and attention can lead to problems in the future. When parents literally predict every movement, every breath, this does not make the child feel happier. Rather, on the contrary, he feels completely helpless and alone. “Try to do it yourself, and if it doesn’t work out, I’ll be happy to help you,” is one of the options for a wise attitude towards your daughter or son. Mistake four - imposed role “My child is my best friend” Parents’ opinion:
A child is the most important thing in our life, he is so smart, you can talk about everything with him.
He understands us, just like a real adult. Opinion of psychologists
Adult problems should not fall on the shoulders of children.
It is unacceptable to drag them into conflicts and interpersonal relationships between adults. Children are designed in such a way that they are interested in everything. Of course, they will listen to you as much as you want. Most likely, they will take your side. Kids are ready to immerse themselves in the complex world of adult problems, instead of discussing their interests with their peers. But at the same time, their own problems remain unresolved. The fifth mistake is monetary “More money means better education” Parents’ opinion:
We have a small salary.
There are not enough funds to pamper a child. If we had more money, we would give the child everything and make him happier. Opinion of psychologists:
Money can’t buy love - it sounds quite banal, but it’s true.
It often happens that in families with low incomes, adults do everything so that the child does not need anything. They literally pull themselves together so that their child’s life is no worse than that of others. But such parents should not feel remorse for not being able to fulfill all the wishes of their child. In fact, attention, affection, joint games and communication are much more important than the contents of the wallet. And, if you look at it, it’s not money that makes a child happy, but the realization that he is the BEST for his parents. Error six - Napoleonic plans “My child will study music (tennis, figure skating). He shouldn’t miss his chance.” Parents’ opinion:
Many adults dreamed of doing ballet, learning to play the piano or playing tennis as children, but they did not have such an opportunity.
And now the main goal of fathers and mothers is to give their children the best education. It doesn’t matter if the kids don’t really want this, time will pass and they will appreciate the efforts of adults. Psychologists' opinion:
Unfortunately, children do not always appreciate the efforts of their parents.
Parents themselves provoke this behavior in their children. After all, often the brilliant future drawn by adults in their imaginations is just the ambitions of mom or dad, but not the true desire of the child. While the baby is still small, he obeys adults. Growing up, he wants to break free from parental love, and begins to express protest in ways available to him - this could be taking drugs, or simply being interested in heavy rock music at night. A situation of misunderstanding, alienation, and resentment on the part of adults arises. Therefore, before you decide something for your child, listen to his interests. Observe his behavior and mood, try to understand whether he likes what he does. Do not turn your child’s life into satisfying your own ambitions. Mistake seven - too little affection “Kisses, hugs and other tenderness are not so important for a child” Parents’ opinion:
Many adults believe that affection (kisses with mom, hugs with dad) in childhood can lead to sexual problems in the future orientation.
In short, no hugs and kisses. There are more necessary and serious things. Psychologists' opinion:
Children of any age strive for affection, it helps them feel loved and gives them confidence in their abilities. There is an opinion that a child should receive at least 10 touches (patting the head, hugs, kisses) throughout the day to feel good and have a good mood. Otherwise, the child may experience emotional hunger and think. That they don't like him.

Mistake eight - your mood: “Is it possible or not? It depends on your mood.” Parents’ opinion:

Troubles at work, bad family relationships,...
How often do adults “let off steam” on a child! Many are sure that there is nothing wrong with this. Then it’s enough to pretend that nothing happened or buy a long-promised toy, and everything will be fine. Psychologists' opinion:
Parents should show their child that they are pleased by his good deeds and upset by his bad ones.
This creates in children a consciousness of the unshakability of life values. When adults, to please their selfishness and mood, allow something today and forbid it tomorrow, the child can understand only one thing: it doesn’t matter what I do, the main thing is what mom’s mood is. However, if you feel that you cannot change yourself, it is better to agree with your child in advance: “So, when I am in a good mood, you will be allowed to do whatever you want. And if it’s bad, try to be lenient with me.” Mistake nine - too little time to raise a child “Unfortunately, I don’t have any time for you” Parents’ opinion:
Many adults are very busy at work, but they try to spend every free minute with their children: they take them to kindergarten and school, cook for them, wash, buy everything they need.
Children themselves must understand that their parents simply do not have time to play and read with them. Opinion of psychologists:
Adults often forget a simple truth - if you have already given birth to a child, you must find time for him. A child who constantly hears that adults do not have time for him will look for kindred spirits among strangers. Even if your day is scheduled minute by minute, find half an hour in the evening (in this matter quality is more important than quantity) to sit by your baby’s crib, talk to him, tell him a story or read a book. The baby needs this.

Good luck to all!!!