Geometric puzzle games are very useful for developing children's spatial concepts, constructive thinking, logic, imagination and intelligence. One of these games is the ancient Chinese game TANGRAM. She was born in China 3000 years ago. From the 7 elements into which the square is divided, you can create many different objects and animal figures.
Tangram. History of origin.
This famous puzzle comes from China. According to legend, it was invented by the teachers of the emperor’s son - a mathematician, artist and philosopher. With the help of an exciting game, they taught the lazy heir calculations and combinatorial thinking. They taught us to comprehend the beauty of images and to understand the complex world through simple figures. The puzzle is a square of seven geometric shapes. By moving and arranging the figures, you can come up with more than 6 million compositions. In China it is called “chi-chao-tu”. Translated as “seven planks of skill” or “pattern of seven smart parts.” In Europe, tangrams were made from expensive wood and ivory. Many historical celebrities were fond of it, such as Napoleon Bonaparte, Thomas Hill, Lewis Carroll.
Before the advent of computers and various electronic games, tangram was popular along with chess and dominoes. Currently, tangram is more often used in children's educational institutions for the development of children.
The history of the tangram
The most common version of the appearance of the game “Tangram” is the version created by S. Loyd and described by him in the book “The Eighth Book of Tan” (1903).
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According to Loyd's legend, Tang was a legendary Chinese sage who was worshiped as a deity by his countrymen. He arranged the figures in his seven books according to the seven stages in the evolution of the Earth. His tangrams begin with symbolic images of chaos and the principle of “yin and yang”. Then follow the simplest forms of life, as we move along the evolutionary tree, figures of fish, birds, animals and humans appear. Along the way, in various places you come across images of what was created by man: tools, furniture, clothing and architectural structures.
LEGEND 1.
more than 4,000 thousand years ago, a porcelain tile fell out of a builder’s hands and broke into seven pieces.
In a hurry, frustrated, he tried to fold it, but every time he didn’t get a square. This activity turned out to be so fascinating that subsequently the square, made up of seven geometric figures, was called the Board of Wisdom. LEGEND 2.
About 2.5 thousand years ago, the middle-aged Emperor of China gave birth to a long-awaited son and heir.
Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and smart beyond his years, but did not want to study. The boy played only with toys; he was not interested in knowledge of science. Therefore, the emperor called to him three wise men, who were an artist, a mathematician and a philosopher. The emperor ordered them to come up with a game, playing which, the heir learned the principles of mathematics, learned to look at the world with the gaze of an artist and would become patient, like a true philosopher. At the same time, he realized that complex things are often made up of simple things. After thinking for a while, the three wise men presented the emperor with the game “Shi-Chao-Tyu” - a square cut into seven parts. Many believe that the tangram appeared during the Ming Dynasty from a type of
yanjitu
that originated in the Song Empire, but the first mention of it is found in a Chinese book of 1813 during the reign of Emperor Jiaqing.
Tangram game for preschoolers: goals and objectives
Tangram develops many abilities. One of the goals of the tangram is to teach children to independently find solutions. By putting the figures in one order or another, preschoolers try different options, choosing the optimal composition in accordance with the given rules. The magic square, like other logical tasks and puzzles, perfectly activates mental activity and develops character.
Tasks:
- To develop in children memory, attention, fine motor skills, various types of thinking (logical, spatial, imaginative, constructive), intelligence, imagination,
- To develop children's perception of color and shape,
- Teach to follow instructions and play according to given rules,
- To develop perseverance and patience as necessary qualities for the future school period,
- To instill in children responsibility and a serious attitude towards completing the assigned task.
Perelman approved
Mathematician and popularizer of science Yakov Perelman considered entertainment to be the main means of explaining scientific facts to the uninitiated. Surprise him, arouse curiosity, activate thinking and observation.
Tangram is just such a way to involve a child in the world of mathematics and its laws. The game helps children understand the fact that completely different shapes made up of seven parts of a square have the same area as the original square. But the perimeters of the figures are different1. Why not visual material for elementary school lessons?
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By folding a figure, the child trains the ability to plan further steps and mentally imagine the result of his actions. These skills are extremely important to develop in preschool and primary school age.
At what age do they play tangram?
There are many opinions, successful and unsuccessful experiences of teaching geometric puzzles to children of different ages. Often, preschoolers 2.5 years old do not yet understand the rules of the game. Children 3-4 years old are quite capable of moving and folding figures, but they do not always have enough perseverance. As a rule, it ends with 2-3 compositions under the guidance of a teacher or mother, then a switch of attention and types of activities is required. But the most diligent children of 3.5 - 4 years old can already come up with images themselves or assemble them according to existing patterns. And if you interest them not just in composing figures, but in making a multi-colored tangram, and organically interweave a fairy tale, a narrative with elements of adventure and vivid images during the lesson, then preschoolers can independently come up with unexpected solutions to the puzzle.
At what age does a child start playing tangram? Each teacher or parent decides for himself. Children may master it very early, or may not show interest even in older preschool age. The child should be ready for puzzles of this kind.
The teacher should take into account that if the activity involves making a tangram with their own hands, then the children must be able to work with scissors.
Cutting template
For ease of use, we will take the black and white version. It is convenient to print it or draw it yourself. It is better to do this on thick paper or cardboard. Then the square must be carefully cut along the lines.
To begin, ask your child to make a square out of these pieces. It is better if the child completes the task without looking at the drawing of the square. But if it doesn’t work out, then of course you can use the sample.
A variety of silhouettes are created from tangram elements. It is easier for a child to do this using samples with drawn components. Outline patterns are more difficult to reproduce.
Tangram: a fairy tale with tasks
The most interesting option for a lesson with a magic square for children would be an activity in the form of a fairy tale. You can choose any fairy tale in accordance with the age interests of preschoolers.
Take, for example, the cartoon “The Adventures of Luntik and His Friends.” All of his characters are well known to preschoolers. You can invite them to collect the image of the main character - Luntik, Baba Kapa, General Sher, Kuzya, Bee, Vupsen and Pupsen, the toad Klava and others.
As a rule, all children remember the beginning of the fairy tale: “Once upon a time, a baby was born on the Moon...”. Further, in accordance with the plot of the selected series, the heroes can meet in a flower meadow (collect a flower), play a ball (collect a ball), sit at the table and drink tea with pie (collect a table, then dishes, pie...).
In accordance with the age characteristics and interests of preschoolers, the teacher can complicate the lesson by introducing a competitive element: boys collect male characters - Luntik, Kuzya, the spider Shnyuk, and girls - female characters - Mila, Baba Kapa, butterflies, toad Klava, leech, etc. .
You can also watch one of your favorite cartoon series with the kids and together choose images of characters and objects to compose them from tangram figures.
When offering tangram tasks to children, it is important for the teacher to remind preschoolers to follow the rules of the game.
The tangram game perfectly develops intelligence, imagination, logical thinking, and teaches the basics of geometry. The tangram game is undoubtedly useful for preschoolers.
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Benefits for children
Despite its apparent primitiveness, tangrams are often called fitness for the brain - albeit not for adults, but for older kindergarten students and younger schoolchildren. As is often the case with educational games, the main and primary task of the tangram is to force the child to strain his thinking while solving some problem, because this is the only way to “pump up” mental abilities. In the meantime, tangram has a positive effect on the overall mindset and allows you to achieve the goal of developing the following skills.
- Ability to play by the rules . Probably the basic skill with which to begin learning tangram, and, perhaps, any games in general. Many modern children probably notice that any dissatisfaction provokes increased attention from their parents, a desire to please the crying person and calm him down. It is important for kids to learn that not all rules are set by their parents, and sometimes you need to give in to the demands of the rules.
Then we started working with patterns for tangrams - numbers.
There is a piece of paper in front of the child, I read him a poem, then he begins to shade the outline of the number.
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
After the outline of the figure is ready, he begins to lay out the figure from the parts of the tangram.
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Then we move on to the next number, read a poem about the number 1, shade the outline of the number and move on to the tangram.
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
So sequentially we laid out all the numbers from 0 to 9, and then moved on to sheets with diagrams of objects for applying tangrams .
This set of leaves also comes in 2 versions: color and outline, each leaf also has coloring and writing.
We chose 3 diagrams from the set: with a house, a rocket and an airplane, and the child laid them out from the details.
Schemes for tangrams for children
Schemes for tangrams for children
Schemes for tangrams for children
If you liked these leaflets - diagrams, then go to the website https://shop.amelica.com, where you will find many more useful educational materials for conducting activities with children at home, in kindergarten and early development schools.
And now a few more photos of how we laid out numbers from parts of the tangram. Good luck to you and your baby!
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes for tangrams for children
Schemes for tangrams for children
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Progress of the lesson:
Organizing time. Exercise “Travel on a Cloud”
Educator: Children, today we will have an unusual journey, and I will not be Anna Sergeevna, but the queen of all sciences - Mathematics. I want to invite you to my kingdom, where entertaining games and interesting tasks await us. Do you agree?
Music is turned on for relaxation.
Sit comfortably and close your eyes. Inhale and exhale deeply two to three times. I want to invite you on a journey on a cloud. Jump onto a white fluffy cloud that looks like a soft mountain of plump pillows. Feel how your legs, back, butt are comfortably located on this large cloudy pillow. Now the journey begins. The cloud slowly rises into the blue sky. Do you feel the wind blowing across your faces? Here, high in the sky, everything is calm and quiet. The cloud will take you now to my kingdom.
Open your eyes, I am very glad to see you in my kingdom, where numbers and figures live. And so that you don’t get bored, I have prepared a task for you.
Part I. Game exercise “Count the same amount”
.
The exercise is performed on a typesetting canvas.
The teacher asks the child to place 7 dogs on the top strip. After completing the task, he asks:
- How many dogs did you count?
- What number can be used to designate seven dogs?
- What number represents the number seven?
The teacher shows the number «7»
. Children find it in their place and trace it with their hand.
On the second page the child places as many cats as there are dogs on the first page.
- Why did you count so many cats? (because there are so many dogs on the front page)
On the third stripe there are as many cows as cats. (Same questions)
.
After completing the exercise, the teacher asks:
— What can you say about the number of dogs, cats and cows? (seven, equally)
The teacher summarizes: “Seven dogs, seven cats, seven cows, seven of all.”
. Then asks the children to show the corresponding number.
Part II. Working with handouts.
Children perform a similar task on three-line cards. 9 puppies are placed on the top strip, 9 kittens on the second strip, and 9 calves on the bottom strip.
-Guys, you and I counted domestic animals together, and now you, each of you, will independently count their babies. (independent completion of the task)
.
Finger game “Left – Right”
- Nice job. Don’t think that in my kingdom it’s so boring and you need to study all the time. I want you to relax and play with me. Do you mind?
The music of E. Zheleznova “Left - Right”
. Children play the game with the teacher.
Part III. Game exercise “Place it correctly”
-It's time to continue our journey. A new game for you.
The teacher looks at the board together with the children:
— What geometric figure does the board look like?
What does a rectangular board have? (Gestures sides and corners.)
The teacher invites the child to show the sides of the board and name them.
(Top side, bottom side, right side, left side)
.
The teacher shows and names the corners: “Upper right corner, lower left corner.
Place the red circle in the top right corner, the green circle in the bottom right corner, the yellow circle in the top left corner, and the blue circle in the bottom left corner. (Children take turns doing the task)
. In which corner did you place the red circle? In which corner is the green circle? Etc.
Part IV. Game exercise “Hide the dog behind the Christmas tree”
- Guys, I have a friend. Do you want to know who it is? Guess the riddle and you will understand everything:
He is fluffy and big-eyed,
He is long-eared and toothy.
Eats grass, carrots,
Having shown your dexterity -
The wooden floor in the cage was chewed off.
And he's not a bunny, he's a (rabbit)
.
- Now we need to hide the dogs behind the Christmas tree. Which Christmas tree do you think the biggest dog would hide behind? Which Christmas tree would the smallest dog hide behind? What kind of Christmas tree would a smaller dog hide behind? What kind of Christmas tree would a dog even smaller than the previous one hide behind? (for the Christmas tree, which is even smaller)
Children perform this exercise in turns and hide the dogs according to their size.
Part V Game "Tangram"
.
There is a sample on the board. The teacher offers to make a portrait of the rabbit to please him.
Part VI. Reflection.
It was very interesting for me to play with you in my kingdom. But now, unfortunately, I will have to return you to kindergarten. Sit down and close your eyes. Music plays for relaxation.
We visited a wonderful and magical kingdom. Now you are back on your cloud, and it is taking you back to your place in kindergarten. You feel completely calm and happy. Get off the cloud and thank it for giving you such a good ride. Now watch it slowly melt into the air. Stretch, straighten up and be cheerful, fresh and attentive again.
Master class Tangram consultation in mathematics (preparatory group) on the topic
The game “Tangram” can be used in kindergarten, both in mathematics classes, and in free time during math quizzes and leisure activities, in individual work with children and at home, in the family. Children post pictures from dances and memorize vocabulary for them. At the same time, children develop and train their memory, the sounds assigned by the speech therapist are automated, and educational and correctional tasks are solved.
One of the components of the methodological support for the section “Elementary mathematical concepts in kindergarten” is the game “Tangram”, through which you can solve mathematical, speech and correctional problems.
The game “Tangram” is one of the simple mathematical games. The game is easy to make. A 10 by 10 cm square of cardboard or plastic, equally colored on both sides, is cut into 7 parts, which are called tans. The result is 2 large, 2 small and 1 medium triangles, a square and a parallelogram. Each child is given an envelope with 7 tanas and a sheet of cardboard on which they lay out a picture from the sample. Using all 7 tanas, tightly attaching them to one another, children create a lot of different images based on samples and according to their own ideas.
The game is interesting for both children and adults. Children are captivated by the result - they are involved in active practical activities to select a way to arrange the figures in order to create a silhouette.
The success of mastering the game in preschool age depends on the level of sensory development of children. While playing, children remember the names of geometric figures, their properties, distinctive features, examine the forms visually and tactile-motor, and freely move them in order to obtain a new figure. Children develop the ability to analyze simple images, identify geometric shapes in them and in surrounding objects, practically modify the figures by cutting them and composing them from parts.
At the first stage of mastering the game “Tangram,” a series of exercises are carried out aimed at developing children’s spatial concepts, elements of geometric imagination, and developing practical skills in composing new figures by joining one of them to another.
Children are offered different tasks: to compose figures according to a model, an oral task, or a plan. These exercises are preparatory to the second stage of mastering the game - composing figures using dissected patterns >.
To successfully recreate figures, you need the ability to visually analyze the shape of a planar figure and its parts. Children often make mistakes in connecting figures on the sides and in proportion.
So, the content of the work at the second stage of the development of games: this is teaching children to analyze a sample and verbally express the way to connect the spatial arrangement of parts.
This is followed by exercises in composing figures. In case of difficulties, children turn to the model. It is made in the form of a table on a sheet of paper of the same silhouette figure size as the sets of figures that children have. This makes it easier in the first lessons to analyze and check the reconstructed image with a sample.
The third stage of mastering the game is the compilation of figures according to patterns of a contour nature, undivided Appendix No. 1>. This is available to children 6-7 years old, subject to training. Games for composing figures using patterns are followed by exercises in composing images according to one’s own design.
The stages of work on introducing the game “Tangram” with children of senior preschool age were as follows.
At first, the “Tangram” game was played as part of a math lesson for 5-7 minutes. Observations of children during the game confirmed the fact that the children liked the game. After this, an element of competition was introduced, and the one who posted the picture faster than others received a reward-chip.
The children were even more interested in this. They began to ask for more time to play “Tangram”. This made it possible to conduct mathematical leisure activities, quizzes, where children played for up to 20-40 minutes.
To enrich the theme of the game, there was a need to diversify this material; it was found in the magazines “Elementary School”, “Preschool Education”, in the books of Z.A. Mikhailova, T.I. Tarabarina, N.V. Elkina. and etc.
Many pictures were developed by the teacher. A number of pictures were created by children from the preparatory group. Observations of children have confirmed that this game develops mental and speech abilities in children.
There were guys diagnosed with “general speech underdevelopment,” with poor memory, a small vocabulary, and withdrawn. They played alone more often. Teachers played with these children individually and offered pictures for the whole family to play at home. The results were unexpected, the children began to level out, some faster, some slower, but they no longer lagged behind their peers in posting pictures and were even ahead of some. Having overcome their shyness and reticence, these children began to quickly master the alphabet, reading, mathematics, and left kindergarten for school with clear speech, being able to read and count well.
The next stage in complicating this game was the selection of speech material for the pictures: riddles, funny short poems, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, counting rhymes, physical exercises. In a speech therapy kindergarten, this speech material has become especially useful for children with sound pronunciation and speech disorders. While playing “Tangram”, children memorized this material, reinforced and automated sounds in tongue twisters and tongue twisters. The children's speech was enriched and their memory was trained.
While playing “Tangram,” children’s quantitative skills were strengthened. (There are 5 triangles in total, 2 large triangles, 2 small triangles, 1 medium-sized triangle. There are 7 tans in the game in total).
Children practically mastered ordinal counting. So, if we count the tans of the “Rocket” picture from top to bottom, then the square is in fifth place, small triangles are in first and fourth place, the middle triangle is in third, large triangles are in sixth and seventh place >.
By counting tanas from top to bottom, from left to right, children practice orientation on a sheet of paper.
When composing this or that picture, children compare the size of the triangles, determine the place for small, large and medium triangles in the pictures of the game “Tangram”.
Children's knowledge of geometric shapes in this game (triangle, square and quadrangle) is constantly reinforced.
By playing and rearranging small cardboard figures, children train the small muscles of their hands and fingers.
In kindergarten speech therapy groups, work is carried out on lexical and grammatical topics, within the framework of which children’s knowledge about the world around them is clarified and consolidated. Pictures for the game “Tangram” have been developed on many topics (wild and domestic animals and birds, trees, houses, furniture, toys, dishes, transport, people, family, flowers, mushrooms, insects, fish, etc.). Pictures have been developed on the topic “Wild Animals”: hare, fox, wolf, bear, squirrel, lion, kangaroo >. By playing with pictures and laying them out, children learn a variety of speech material, and also reinforce and automate the sounds set by the speech therapist.
I bring to your attention speech material for the picture of a hare:
Pure sayings (automation of the sound “ch”):
Chu-chu-chu the bunny goes to the doctor, Cha-cha-cha the bunny sits at the doctor.
Tongue twisters (automation of the sound “z”):
Buba the bunny has a toothache.
Zoya's bunny's name is Zaznayka, and Zina's bunny's name is Know-It-All.
Zina is the bunny's mistress,
A bunny fell asleep in Zina's basket.
“Say the word”:
Trying to weave a cunning trail, I jumped through the snowdrifts... (hare)
- Oh! - the housewives shout around, - They got into the garden... (bunnies)
He rushes without looking back, only his heels sparkle. He rushes as fast as he can, his tail is shorter than his ear. Quickly guess who it is?.. (bunny)
Funny poems:
A bunny rides on a tram, A bunny rides, reasons: “If I bought a ticket, Who am I? Hare or not?
The hare says to the hare: “I wish I had a ravenous appetite!” “Appetite is of little use, I wish I had teeth like a wolf!”
The bunny is cold in the woods, let's knit the bunny's socks, covered an open field, and galloped off to another. He writes a phrase endlessly so that the fox does not read it right away.
Puzzles:
Both animals and birds offend him. He is afraid of every bush in the field, In winter he freezes so much under the Christmas tree, That in summer he does not take off his fur coat.
The scythe has no den, he does not need a hole, his legs save him from enemies, and his bark saves him from hunger.
Who jumps deftly and loves carrots, spoils the garden beds, and runs away without looking back?!
Not a lamb or a cat, wears a fur coat all year round. The fur coat is gray for summer, and a different color for winter.
A ball of fluff, a long ear, jumps smartly, loves carrots.
Fizminutka:
One, two, three, four, five The little bunny began to jump, The little bunny was good at jumping, he jumped 10 times. (jumping in one place and moving forward)
Counting tables:
One, two, three, four, five, there is no place for a bunny to jump, A wolf, a wolf walks everywhere; he clicks his teeth, clicks! And we are hiding in the bushes, hide, little bunny, and you too! You, wolf, wait until we hide - go!
The little cowardly bunny ran across the field, ran into the garden - found a cabbage, found a carrot, sits, gnaws. The owner is coming!
A hare runs across the bridge, long ears, short tail. Don't run too far, help us count. One, two, three - come out!
After posting a picture of an animal to reinforce the material on the topic, you can offer children the following speech games and tasks:
- “Name other animals”
- “Call it affectionately” (an object or its parts - a fox, a bear, a head, an ear, a tail)
- “Count to 5” (1 little fox, 2 little foxes, 5 little foxes)
- “Name the action words” (What does the fox do? Runs, sits, meanders, cheats)
- “1 and many” (fox - foxes, bear cub - cubs, ear - ears)
- "Who is absent?" (Bears, hares, kangaroos, wolf cubs)
- “Name the words-signs” (What kind of puppy? – kind, affectionate, trusting)
- “One of 2 words” (the hare has fast legs - fleet-footed)
- “Say the opposite” (selection of antonym words: brave - cowardly, kind - evil)
- “Name it, whose, whose, whose?” (Working with possessive adjectives - fox tail, bear ear, harelip, wolf tracks)
While talking about the picture, children practice agreeing an adjective with a noun in gender, number and case; in the use of comparative and superlative adjectives (one object is wide, another is wider, the third is the widest).
Children make up simple and complex sentences; you can even make up a story about your actions when posting a particular picture.
The speech material for the pictures for the game “Tangram” was selected so that the riddles, poems, tongue twisters were short, funny, to the point, interesting, so that they were easily perceived and remembered by children, so that the children received emotional release and relaxation.
We offer an approximate summary of leisure time in mathematics in the senior group with children with general speech underdevelopment.
Topic: “Development of speech in a mathematics lesson using riddles, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, short poems in the game “Tangram”.
Goal: combine laying out pictures of geometric shapes (tans) with speech material (poems, riddles, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, “say the word”, physical exercises with fingers).
Educational objectives:
- teach children to lay out a contour picture (a picture of a bunny, undivided into 7 geometric shapes, 7 tans);
- continue to teach children orientation on a sheet of squared paper;
- consolidate knowledge of geometric figures, days of the week in order, counting from 5 to 10, from 7 to 10, from 4 to 1, from 6 to 1;
- consolidate speech material on the topic “Animals”;
- develop children's memory.
Corrective tasks:
- learn to clearly pronounce tongue twisters, phrases, speech material from physical exercises with fingers, correctly agree adjectives with nouns (what kind of Christmas tree?), nouns with verbs (what is the bunny doing?), learn to form words with two roots (the hare has long ears - long-eared, cross-eyed , short-tailed);
- develop logical thinking in children;
- automate the sounds assigned by the speech therapist in children’s speech (“z”, “r”, “s”, “sh”);
- develop small finger muscles by working with Tangram and in the game “Find out by touch” (numbers made from sandpaper are used).
Educational tasks:
- cultivate attention, memory, endurance, perseverance, and the ability to complete the work started;
- cultivate accuracy in work;
- cultivate a desire to come to the aid of a friend.
Preliminary work:
- Together with the children, cutting out squares from paper and cardboard.
- Laying out the simplest figures and pictures by superimposing tans on the image.
- Incorporating the game “Tangram” into a math lesson (5-7 minutes).
- Individual work in free time in a group and homework for parents to play with the whole family.
- Familiarization and memorization of speech material for pictures, using it in the game “Tangram”, in consolidating the given sounds.
Material:
Handout: envelopes with tans, pictures from the game “Tangram”, sheet, checkered notebook, pen; ball, stickers for each child.
Demonstration: “Wonderful bag” with numbers made from sandpaper, pictures from the game “Tangram”.
PROGRESS OF THE CLASS
The topic of the lesson is announced and “Warm-up for the mind” is offered in a circle with a ball. (The teacher throws the ball to the child, asks a question. The child answers and throws the ball to the teacher).
Questions:
- Count further – 5 (the child counts: “6, 7, 8...”)
- Count further - 7 (8, 9, 10)
- Count back – 4 (3, 2, 1)
- Count back – 6 (5, 4, 3, 2, 1)
- Name the days of the week in order
- Name the neighbors of the number 5
- Name the neighbors of the number 7
- Name Tuesday's neighbors, etc.
Offer to sit at the tables. Work in notebooks.
- Task “Draw from a point” (without lifting your pen on the squared paper under the dictation of the teacher: draw 2 cells up, one to the right, 2 up, 1 to the right, 4 cells down, children draw an image). If the children completed the task correctly, then the result should be a bunny >.
Who did we draw? Bunny (check with the guys, praise).
- Physical exercise. The child pronounces words from physical exercises, children jump in place and with progress.
“1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - the little bunny began to jump,
- The bunny is good at jumping, (The words are accompanied by jumping on the spot)
He jumped 10 times.” (Jumping while moving in a circle)
- Suggest recalling a simple saying (to reinforce the sound “h”):
- Chu-chu-chu the bunny goes to the doctor, - Cha-cha-cha the bunny sits at the doctor.
- Exercise. “Let’s make one new word out of two” - a hare has long ears - long-eared, slanted eyes - cross-eyed, short tail - short-tailed, etc.
Game “Tangram”
The teacher asks questions:
— What did we cut out the parts for this game from? - From the square. - Let's make a square out of tans >. — How many sides, vertices, corners does a square have? - Four each. — How many tans are there in the game “Tangram”? - Seven. - Remember the riddle-poem about a square. - I am neither an oval nor a circle, - I am not a friend to the triangle, - I am a brother to the rectangle, - And my name is... (square).
In this case, you need to ensure that children clearly pronounce the sound “r”.
II. The teacher shows the children a picture that they together made from the drawings of the game “Tangram” and composed a fairy tale about the girl Masha. Appendix No. 2>.
They remember the fairy tale about Masha, and the teacher offers the following tasks, based on the content of the fairy tale.
- Finger gymnastics. Children use their index and middle fingers to “run” back and forth on the table. They imitate how Masha ran along the path.
- Exercise. Remember the riddles about the Christmas tree:
“Winter and summer in one color.”
“What kind of girl is this, not a seamstress, not a craftswoman.
She doesn’t sew anything herself, but wears needles all year round,” etc.
- Exercise. Lay out the Christmas trees from the tans: one row of children is the lowest, another row is the highest, the third is a medium-height Christmas tree. Appendix No. 2>.
- Exercise. Talk about joint actions: “I laid out the tallest Christmas tree, and Sasha laid out the lowest.”
- Exercise. Come up with words-signs about the Christmas tree. What Christmas tree? (Tall, short, fluffy, green, etc.).
- Exercise. Place a running bunny (undivided) on the flanograph.
- Exercise. Remember the funny rhyme and tongue twister about the hare:
A bunny is riding on a tram, A bunny is riding, talking! If I bought a ticket, Who am I, a hare or not? (Rhyme)
Zina's bunny is called Zaznaika, and Zoya's bunny is called Know-It-All (tongue twister)
Make sure that children pronounce the sound “z” clearly.
- Come up with action words about the bunny.
— What did the bunny do in the fairy tale about Masha?
- Sat, got scared, ran away, hid, cowarded, galloped, stood, ate, trembled (dictionary of verbs).
In a fairy tale, the girl Masha found a magic flower. Do some physical exercise with your fingers about a flower. Conducted by a child. Children perform movements with their fingers and palms.
Our scarlet flowers open their petals, The breeze breathes slightly, the petals sway, Our delicate flowers close their petals, Quietly fall asleep, shake their heads.
- Masha found herself in the house, and there was a wonderful bag there, let's see what's in the bag? (Numbers made from sandpaper)
The game “Find out the number by touch” is played.
The teacher, together with the children, analyzes their work, encourages them and gives out prizes.
Similar activities, leisure activities, and quizzes can be developed and conducted with children using other pictures from the “Tangram” game.
Variety of tasks
Tangram for preschoolers is a fun and useful activity that can be started from the age of 4-5. First, the kids get acquainted with a new set, study its elements, find a triangle according to their parents’ instructions, and show which one is big and which one is small. Next, adults print out the diagram in full size, asking the little ones to put the elements on the drawing. These can be houses, animals, birds, fish, a Christmas tree, a man.
Gradually, the tasks become more complicated, children are offered a hint diagram, which in size may no longer correspond to the real “dimensions” of the figures, and a task to fold something, for example a bird.
Children, as a rule, also become interested in the fact that from a specific number of elements several varieties of birds can be added.
To prevent preschoolers from getting bored, you should come up with a plot - for example, write a fairy tale about animals who would like to live in a house. In order for each of them to occupy their own “room”, you need to assemble the beast from puzzle elements. Next, preschoolers are offered the following scheme:
They make a cat, a hare, a horse, a fish, a duck, a dog. We can “plant” a spruce next to the house to make it beautiful (its diagram is also presented above). Finally, a man built a dwelling for the menagerie - his figure is also on the diagram.
Cat lovers can be invited to compose these animals from puzzle elements according to the following schemes:
The setting is something like this: today is cat day, let's try to collect as many different species as possible. Or another option: a cat came to visit us and told us a lot of new things about her relatives. Let's show her how we can collect cats.
Also very interesting are the houses, of which a huge variety can be made from tangram elements:
Together with the child, you should discuss what kind of house he would like to build, for example, for his pets, and then offer him to work. If something doesn’t work out, don’t be nervous and yell at your child, such an attitude will only destroy his desire to understand the secrets of the Chinese puzzle. It’s best to help, hold, praise for your efforts, then the result will come very soon.
Next, you should complicate the tasks by offering your child more complex schemes:
When working with tangram, it is important to use a playful element, to come up with fairy tales and exciting stories. Otherwise, the baby will quickly get bored and will study through force.
Therefore, it is better to tell him about the magic square, which, at the behest of the good sorceress, split into several fragments, from which literally anything can be created. But the sorceress needs an assistant, so the child is temporarily endowed with miraculous powers, and according to the magic book (drawings and diagrams), he will populate the fictional kingdom with various inhabitants, build houses, boats, Christmas trees, etc. there.
Tangram is a great mental workout that will help you have fun and reinforce useful skills. Among the huge number of schemes, you can find those that will appeal to every preschooler.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=0WDj1bA3Xqo
Brief history of the technique
Legend has it that a certain Chinese emperor began to use the tangram for the first time, who was very worried that his future heir did not show due interest in the learning process. Then the monarch called for help from three wise men - a mathematician, an artist and a philosopher, who together came up with the magic square. Thanks to it, you can perform a huge number of tasks. And the capricious prince finally began to study.
It is known that even Napoleon at one time was engaged in folding tangram figures.
