Project at the preschool educational institution “Fairy Dough” (testoplasty)

April 9, 2014

Conference “Project activity in an educational institution - 2014”
Nomination “Pedagogical project in a preschool institution”

Relevance of the project. One of the most favorite plastic materials for children is salt dough. Therefore, the problem of developing fine motor skills of a child’s hand and speech development before transitioning to adult, school life will be helped by testoplasty - an art that is close and accessible to him.

Testoplasty helps solve the following problems :

Educational:

Introduce children to the history of testoplasty and its capabilities.
Learn to use various materials and tools.
Begin to develop knowledge about composition, the basics of color science, and techniques for working with gouache.

Technical:

Learn to sculpt with your entire brush and fingers, and make small details with your fingers and pinching.
Develop hand coordination.

Educational:

Develop fine motor skills of the hands, speech, observation and aesthetic taste, imaginative and logical thinking
Expand your horizons and vocabulary.

Educational:

To cultivate hard work, patience, accuracy, and the desire to complete the work started.
Develop the ability to communicate with peers and work in a team.

Social:

Create a favorable atmosphere for communication between children who are passionate about a common cause.
Teach preschoolers to organize leisure time.

The goal of the project: the development of children's creative abilities and speech through the use of testoplasty technology.

Project objectives:

Introduce children to folk art, introduce children to the history of testoplasty and kneading dough.
To form a sustainable interest in artistic activity.
Develop creativity, aesthetic taste, imagination, memory, attention, thinking, fine motor skills, coordination and tactile sensations of the hands.

Project participants: children, teacher.

Project type: long-term. Project implementation period: October - April

Expected result : development of independence, initiative, creative abilities of children, mastery of skills in working with salt dough - modeling from life, according to the idea, modeling a sculpture from 2-3 objects, expressiveness of the image, proportions, sculpting methods (flattening and pinching, joining edges dough, pulling and pressing, smoothing and pressing, smearing and rolling).

Project implementation:

1. Preliminary stage (September).

Children get acquainted with testoplasty as a type of folk applied art, its features, tools necessary for work, and the simplest techniques for working with dough.

Creative workshops begin with a conversation about the history of testoplasty with kneading dough with preschoolers.

Children work with the dough: knead, sniff, roll into balls, etc. Next, it is proposed to make imprints on the surface of the dough using stacks, buttons, corks and more. And how interesting it is to paint it and simply mix different colors.

Next, preschoolers work with three-dimensional shapes - bun, sausage, flatbread.

2. Main stage (October-March).

Objectives of the main stage: introduce children to the testoplasty technique (modeling techniques), learn to create various subject and simple plot compositions, and develop creative abilities.

Preschoolers have already mastered modeling, we suggest working with a cupcake mold, an egg and making a “Cake”, “Easter Egg”.

In the future, the task becomes more complicated - sticking to various volumetric shapes, for example, “Decorating an egg.” Experimenting with buttons, beads, beads, ribbons and ribbons.

3. Final stage (April).

Project presentation form: exhibition of children's works and collective story compositions.

Project at the preschool educational institution “Fairy Dough”

Author: Irina Ivanovna Kostyukova, teacher of the first category, Municipal Autonomous Preschool Educational Institution “combined type No. 2 “Romashka”, Gubkin city, Belgorod region, teaching experience 5 years, winner of municipal competitions and exhibitions.

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

The use of testoplasty in working with preschool children (from work experience)

Department of Education of the Administration of the Municipal District Tuymazinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan Branch of the Municipal Autonomous Preschool Educational Institution Kindergarten No. 22 of Tuymazy "Preschool Educational Institution Nurkeevo"

Educator: Bikmukhametova Z.R.

Early preschool age is the most important period in a child’s development. It is known that the formation of fine motor skills affects mental development, and is especially closely related to speech development.

To develop fine motor skills, various exercises and games are used: massage of the palms and fingers, finger gymnastics, finger games with cereals, sand and objects (with paper, plasticine, clothespins, coloring and others. All these games are successfully used in working with children. In the younger group I added games with salt dough to them.

The fourth year of a child’s life is an important age period in which modeling is of great importance for the development of fine motor skills. As a rule, kids are already familiar with plasticine and enjoy working with salt dough.

Dough is a soft, plastic material that is much easier for a child to work with than plasticine. Compared to plasticine, salt dough has a great advantage. It does not stain your hands, is more plastic, and is easy to mold. Products made from salt dough are more durable and can be easily colored with felt-tip pens, paints and gouache.

Products made from salt dough are made both flat and three-dimensional; they can easily be glued to paper, drywall, chipboard and many other hard materials, which allows you to create beautiful compositions of wall panels. And what is very important is that salt dough is an environmentally friendly product.

Working with salt dough gives children great pleasure, especially making jewelry and gifts.

It's easy to prepare:

200gr. flour
100gr. salt
100 ml. water
2 tbsp. l oil

I use fine salt as it dissolves better.

For plasticity, I add vegetable oil to the dough.

Place salt and dyes in a bowl, stir, add a small amount of water, add sunflower oil. Gradually add flour and knead the dough until it has a homogeneous consistency, until the dough sticks to your hands and becomes elastic. Place the finished dough in the refrigerator for 2 hours, let the dough rest.

But not everyone knows that there is also choux salted dough. To prepare it, we take the same ingredients as for the classic salt dough, but add 30 grams of citric acid, if you don’t have citric acid, you can add 10 grams of acetic acid, which will be a preservative for the dough. We put all the ingredients in a saucepan, put it on low heat, stir constantly, heat it up, but there is one feature here: the dough cannot be overheated. The dough is brewed, cooled, add the remaining flour, and bring to the desired consistency. Just like the classic dough, we place it in a bag and in the refrigerator for 2 hours, after 2 hours the dough is ready to use.

Choux pastry is more plastic than simple dough; when working with it, no salt powder remains on your hands, since the salt dissolves completely when heated, such dough does not stick to your hands, products from it are much more elegant, since the dough can be rolled out much thinner than from ordinary dough. salt dough. You can store it in the refrigerator for up to one month.

To begin with, I studied methodological literature on testoplasty, selected fiction, finger exercises, templates, and sketches for sculpting. I tried to make products from salt dough myself, and selected a dough recipe and a technology for making crafts that would be suitable for working with children.

In my work, I always knead the dough in the presence of children. I give the children the opportunity to take part: touch, smell, knead, express their impression of the dough (hard, white, cold, you can make holes, roll sausages, tear off a piece, etc.).

At first, the children learned to sculpt and decorate flat figures, hearts, etc. There was so much joy, the children did not get tired, did not get distracted, everyone was interested.

Rolling pins were used for rolling, and cookie cutters and bottle caps were used for cutting. Then they learned to sculpt three-dimensional forms.

In the process of activity, children often encountered situations that required special psychological support for the child (praise, compliments, approval, admiration) and support was needed that guided children to rethink and experience.

Therefore, the purpose of my work is:

Formation of children's skills in modeling from salt dough and development of their creative abilities, fantasy, and imagination.

To achieve the goal, the following tasks are defined:

To promote the development of children’s creative abilities, the cultivation of artistic and aesthetic taste through exercises in modeling from salt dough;
Develop fine motor skills of the hands, stimulating the development of speech;
Promote the development of children's interest in artistic creativity;
Enrich the subject-developmental environment of the group, conducive to the manifestation of children's creative activity.

When working with salt dough, the same techniques are used as when working with plasticine and clay. This:

Kneading - pressing with your hands and fingers on a piece of dough.
Pinching is the separation of small pieces from a large piece of plasticine or dough using the thumb and index finger. To do this, first pinch a small piece of plasticine or dough from the edge of a large piece, and then tear it off.
“Spanking” is vigorously patting the dough with a tense palm and straight fingers. The range of movements can be varied.
Flattening is the act of squeezing a piece of dough into a flat shape. A small piece of plastic material can be flattened using your fingers.

However, when working with salt dough, you need to take into account the tenderness and plasticity of the material. Therefore, to connect the parts to each other, you need to pass a brush dipped in water over the joints and, sticking the parts, press them to each other.

Under the guidance of an adult, kids enjoy learning to roll out lumps of dough, flatten a ball by crushing it with the palms of their hands, and also roll out sticks: rays and leaves.

With the help of testoplasty, children become involved in decorative activities: they learn to paint and decorate objects with patterns using plasticine. Children especially enjoy painting finished objects with paints. After all, first you need to imagine what you got, what your figure looks like most, as for example, in the work “Vegetables,” and only then paint it.

There are many options for testoplasty that can be offered to children: making a photo frame, decorations for the New Year tree, making gifts for mothers and grandmothers for International Women’s Day and painting them, etc.

In Rus', dough figurines were given as gifts for the New Year as a sign of prosperity, fertility, and satiety. Even in those days when in Rus' the New Year was celebrated on September 1, and at the same time weddings were celebrated, it was customary to give figurines made of salt dough. And they were decorated with paintings characteristic of the area where our ancestors lived. It was believed that any craft made from salt dough found in the house was a symbol of wealth and prosperity in the family. And bread and salt will always be on the table. The dough figures were called KHLEBOSOL.

To color salt dough, I use food dyes, but they are not always on hand, then I take: instant coffee, cocoa, turmeric.. If the product is made from uncolored dough, I take acrylic paints or gouache.

To preserve the color and protect my products from external influences, I coat them with varnish.

In order to interest children, at the beginning of the lesson you can read a quatrain and ask a riddle. This is done in order to create a good mood in children and direct their attention from the beginning of the lesson to thinking about the image in a very brief, concise form and noting only those features that relate to the shape of the parts and details of the object.

At the first stages, I introduced children to testoplasty as a type of folk applied art, its history, features, tools that are necessary for working with dough, and the simplest technological techniques for working with dough.

At first, children learned to sculpt and decorate flat figures - decorative plates, hearts. Rolling pins were used for rolling, and cookie cutters, dumplings, and bottle caps were used for cutting. Then they learned to sculpt three-dimensional shapes using a wooden rod (match or toothpick). And then characteristic features were added to the base: ears, nose, eyes, tail.

One of the stages of making crafts is coloring. For this purpose, gouache paints, watercolors, and felt-tip pens are used.

For decoration I use natural products: peppercorns, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, red and white beans, coffee beans, various types of pasta

Children and parents remembered the “Medals” - gifts for dads on February 23rd. The kids made them themselves, then decorated them themselves:

In addition, we learned to sculpt objects from several parts, as well as combine figures into collective compositions. These are the collective works we produced: “March 8” and “Airplane” .

The process of making dough products is fascinating for kids, and also brings them together. Children learn to interact with each other: call each other by name, discuss the resulting objects, and enjoy the collective and individual works they create.

Testoplasty is a wonderful way to develop fine motor skills, drawing and socialization of children. As experience has shown, games with dough should definitely be used when working with younger preschoolers.

To increase children's interest in the results of their work, I use game motivation. And at the end of the lesson I invite the children to play with their craft. The use of dialogic speech in the game allows not only to develop the child’s speech, but also to facilitate communication with each other, promotes the development of communicative and creative abilities.

Modeling from salt dough allows you to create a favorable social environment rich in material, which contributes to the development of the child’s emotional world and pushes him to a variety of creative activities.

Next >

Roll out the dough with a rolling pin

The baby will most likely be happy to start rolling out the dough, because he has seen his mother do it more than once. If your baby is having trouble using a rolling pin, help him by clasping his hands with yours.

Both a toy and a real kitchen rolling pin are suitable for the game. My daughter likes rolling with a large rolling pin even more.

Create simple crafts based on pressing objects into dough

Let me give you a few examples:

Hedgehog

For the little ones, toothpicks can be replaced with matches or counting sticks.

Fence for animals

little man

Be sure to involve your child in rolling out the torso and head. If your baby is not doing well yet, take his hands in yours and make rotational movements together.

Games with dough

So, you have the dough, what to do with it next? First of all, of course, you need to introduce the baby to the test. Give him the opportunity to touch and knead him. You can make some kind of bun or bunny to show what the dough is capable of. If the acquaintance went well, you can move on to games.

Remember that the entire lesson should not last longer than 5-10 minutes. Do not try to include all the games in one lesson, watch your baby and always stop before he gets tired of the activity. If your baby is losing interest in a particular game, it may be too easy or too difficult for him. Try to simplify or make the task easier.

Hiding surprises in the dough and finding them

This is our favorite game. I think all children love it when there is a surprise moment in the game. They are ready to open intricate locks, unscrew stubborn lids, just to see what is hidden behind them. Children are happy to find surprises, even if they hid them themselves!

Therefore, in this lesson, first, together with the baby, we hide the toy in the dough, placing it on one half of the cake and covering the other. Older kids can be asked to pinch the edges, as when sculpting a pie. Mom can do this for younger children. Well, then we ask ourselves the question “Where is our hedgehog?” or “Oh, who’s hiding here?” Perhaps during the first games the baby will have to be shown how to “get to” the toy. Most likely, the baby will catch everything very quickly and will subsequently eagerly pick apart the dough himself.

Even such a seemingly simple activity is incredibly useful for children’s fingers.

Recipe for very flexible dough

And another recipe for a very, very soft, plastic, homogeneous and, I would even say, ideal dough! :) It is not suitable for drying and painting, but for fun games with dough it is perfect.

1 cup flour

1 glass of water

¼ cup salt

1 tbsp. vegetable oil

2 tsp citric acid

Combine all ingredients in a saucepan, stir, then place over medium heat. After this, we begin to actively stir the dough with a spoon until it forms a ball and stops sticking to your hands. You will need to stir for no more than 3 minutes. After the dough has cooled, you can start playing with it.

Don't neglect such a seemingly insignificant ingredient as citric acid! If you do not add it, then after storing in the refrigerator the dough will begin to stick to your hands.

You can add food coloring to any version of the dough. If you don’t have a dye to tint the dough, you can use beet or carrot juice, turmeric, brilliant green, and gouache. Well, if you divide the dough into several parts and paint them in different colors, it will be even more interesting!

Both doughs can be stored in the refrigerator in a closed container for quite a long time (several weeks).

Master class for teachers on testoplasty

Author-compiler:

Epanchintseva Irina Svyatoslavna,

teacher

MAUDO of the city of Yalutorovsk “Kindergarten No. 9”

highest qualification category

Teaching experience 27 years

USING TESTOPLASTY TECHNIQUES AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Goal: To present the possibilities of testoplasty as a means of development of preschool children

Tasks:

Introduce master class participants to testoplasty techniques.
Show a system for working with dough as a material for children’s creative activities.

Equipment: salted dough, blank for making the “Chicken” craft, material for decorating the craft.

Progress of the master class

An important role in creating a modern educational environment today is played by innovative technologies aimed at developing the interests of children with special educational needs, based on the principle of fantasy in play activities.

Dough modeling is as natural and organic a child's need as play. Testoplasty is one of the most fascinating types of decorative and applied art.

Making dough from flour, salt and water is an ancient custom and was used to make figures from folk tales. In Rus', figurines made from this material were given as gifts for the New Year as a sign of prosperity, fertility, and satiety. And they were decorated with paintings characteristic of the area where our ancestors lived. It was believed that any craft made from salt dough found in the house is a symbol of wealth and prosperity in the family, and bread and salt will always be on the table. That is why these figures were often called very simply - “Hospitable Man”.

The dough has a number of advantages:

• The material is environmentally friendly, non-allergenic.

• Surprisingly flexible material.

• Crafts made from salt dough are more durable and can be used in games.

• Crafts can be painted in different colors.

Difficulties may arise when working with the test:

You need to learn how to knead the dough. It’s a mistake when we take a lot of flour, it’s better to use less and knead well. Dough recipe: 1 glass of water, 1 glass of fine salt, flour.
It is necessary to take into account thematic planning when developing a circle program.

There are no limits to your imagination when working with the test!!! The process of work is the joy of learning. The child brings his sincere interest, surprise or admiration into his work; he not only reflects the world, but also gets to know it. The educational and educational value of modeling is great, especially in terms of mental and aesthetic work. Working with dough allows you to solve a variety of problems and is aimed at:

development of the sphere of images and representations;
formation of mental activity: stimulation of mental activity, formation of mental operations, development of visual forms of thinking (visual-effective and visual-figurative), concrete-conceptual (verbal-logical);
development of spatial gnosis and constructive praxis;
formation of spatio-temporal representations;
development of mental abilities through mastering the actions of substitution and visual modeling in various types of activities;
development of hand-eye coordination, stimulation of reflex zones and nerve endings of the palms and fingers;
activation of the formation of connections between the hemispheres of the brain;
development of creative abilities.

In addition, special tasks of development and correction of deficiencies in the emotional-volitional sphere and the emerging personality are also solved, which implies:

development and training of mechanisms that ensure the child’s adaptation to new social conditions;
prevention and elimination of occurring affective, negativistic, autistic manifestations, and other behavioral deviations;
development of social emotions;
creating conditions for the development of self-awareness and self-esteem;
formation of the ability for volitional efforts, voluntary regulation of behavior;
preventing and overcoming negative personality traits and developing character.

The use of testoplasty is indispensable for the prevention of severe emotional disorders, undeveloped communicative competence, with the aim of developing play activity, developing play motives and interest in the game in a child. Testoplasty provides a child with ample opportunities to react emotionally in a socially acceptable way.

During joint activities with a child, the use of testoplasty techniques makes it possible to consolidate color, quantity, shape, ordinal and backward counting, as well as expand and clarify knowledge about the world around us, using riddles, poems, proverbs and sayings.

Testoplasty helps to activate vocabulary, update existing ideas about sensory standards of color, shape, size; strengthening ideas about seasonal changes in nature. Even restless children during the testoplasty process show such a long concentration of attention on one type of activity, which is unusual for them.

There are practically no children who would refuse to experiment with the dough, leaving imprints on it with various objects, play with molds and stacks, or make something of their own choosing.

In correctional and developmental work, you can use various didactic games and play exercises, the material for which will be dough products. For example, in the didactic game “The Fourth Extra”, you can ask children to find an extra figure made from dough (the child must highlight the difference - by color, shape, size). You can invite children to independently make all the figures the same by changing the sign of inconsistency.

In the game “Find out by touch,” we invite children to recognize a given object by touch (this can be fruits, vegetables, toys made from colored dough by the child himself). In addition, testoplasty opens up wide opportunities for the development of elementary mathematical concepts in preschoolers.

Children can make their own material from dough to develop counting skills and operations. It is possible to consolidate and update such mathematical concepts as “one-many”, “more-less”, “equally”, “long-short”, “wide-narrow”, “big-small”, etc. All objects with which the child acts and which are created by him as a result of productive activity serve as a visual support for speech and thinking exercises. Moreover, in this case, clarity is represented by volumetric objects, and not by illustrative material.

Working with a test is a kind of exercise that helps in the development of fine differentiated movements, coordination, and tactile sensations necessary for children with disabilities to work. Productive activity acts as a specific imaginative means of understanding reality, and therefore is of great importance for the mental development of children. In turn, the mental education of a child is closely related to the development of speech.

Testoplasty is an opportunity to use available material:

Spaghetti (hedgehog spines)
Colored macaroni and vermicelli (cake decoration)
Cereals (we laid out a fur coat for a bear made from buckwheat)
Peppercorns (nose, eyes)
Garlic press (hairstyles)
Stacks (draw)
Buttons (make a relief surface)

This is how, through play, based on a common passion, testoplasty helps children develop, and teachers help solve assigned correctional and educational tasks.

I start each club session with a warm-up:

Shifting and squeezing the dough in your palms;
Rolling a kolobok in your palms;
Pressing on the bun produces a flat cake;
The “mice” came and began to dig holes;
The “geese” came and began to pinch the dough;
The “toed bear” came and began to stomp on the dough;
Rolling the flatbread into a sausage;
Wrap the sausage in a “snail”;
The “snail” hid in the house - it turned out to be a bun.

After warming up, we move on to making crafts. I suggest making an Easter chicken (the idea for the craft was taken from the website https://yasno-solnishko.ru).

To begin, we will knead salt dough from 2 tbsp. flour, 1 tbsp. fine salt and half a glass of water. Add yellow gouache.

Then we roll out the dough into a layer about 0.5 cm thick and squeeze out an oval with a mold. We will take a plastic cup as a mold and lightly press it on the sides to make an oval.

Separate the oval from the rest of the dough and smooth its edges with a finger slightly moistened with water. This is the body of a chicken.
For the wings, we make small ovals, roll them out thinly, lightly moisten them with water and glue them to the chicken. Using a toothpick, draw feather stripes on the wings.
Roll small balls for the eyes and a square for the beak.
For the legs we make small ovals and roll them out using gouache.
We will make holes in the workpiece - one at the top for hanging the egg and two at the bottom for attaching the legs. We will also make holes in the legs for attaching to the chicken.

Then we dried everything in the oven at low temperature.
Once the dough has cooled, we will paint the details.
Insert ribbons into the holes.

Well, our Easter chicken made from salt dough is ready. You can use it to decorate your room or as a gift.

Testoplasty acts as a means of understanding reality, is of great importance for the mental development of children, and helps maintain positive motivation and cognitive activity of children with psychophysical disorders. Thus, the possibilities of testoplasty in correctional and developmental work are limitless.

Literature:

https://aplik.ru/shkolniku/9-klass/ispolzovanie-priemov-testoplastiki-v-korrektcionnopedagogicheskoi-rabote-s-detmi-s-ogr/
https://io.nios.ru/articles2/51/10/testoplastika-v-detskom-sadu
https://yasno-solnishko.ru/detki-3-5-let/pashal-ny-j-tsy-plyonok-iz-solyonogo-testa.html

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Leave fingerprints on the test

We press the toy into the dough, carefully remove it and ale-op, you get a beautiful pattern on the dough! Taisiya was simply delighted with this activity, and could get carried away for a long time, imprinting pasta on the dough.

Figurines from a sorter, pasta tubes, small toys, construction set parts, a fork, and a comb are well suited for imprinting . Well, if according to the test, a car passes by, leaving marks (preferably with large wheels and treads on them), then the baby will most likely appreciate it.

And, of course, it’s worth mentioning the cookie cutters separately. With their help you can not only make beautiful prints. With older kids, you can try removing the “extra” dough around the molds so that you get “cookies”.

Prints can also be made simply with your finger. After which it will be very interesting to “sow” seeds into the resulting holes. This will be another great exercise for developing a “pincer” grip.

Press various objects into the dough

Next, you can announce that the resulting flatbread is not just a flatbread, but a pizza or a cake that now needs to be decorated. And for this purpose you can use a variety of objects: matches, pasta, beans, counting sticks, small toys, lids, etc. Try to use objects of different shapes and sizes to diversify the child’s tactile sensations.